Astrophysics

There seem to be no good examples of UV complete theories that have low-lying massive higher spin states isolated by a large gap, despite the relative ease of constructing effective field theories describing such states.  We discuss constraints from analytic dispersion relations and subluminality of eikonal scattering that may help to explain this and provide insight into the possible interactions of massive higher spins.

I will introduce our recent proposal that the state of the universe does *not* spontaneously violate CPT. Instead, the universe before the Big Bang is the CPT reflection of the universe after the bang. Phrased another way, the universe before the bang and the universe after the bang may be re-interpreted as a universe/anti-universe pair, created from nothing. CPT selects a unique vacuum state for the QFT on such a spacetime, which leads to a new perspective on the cosmological baryon asymmetry, and a new explanation for the observed dark matter abundance. In particular, if we assume that the matter fields in the universe are described by the standard model of particle physics (including right-handed neutrinos), we predict that one of the heavy neutrinos is stable, and that its density automatically matches the observed dark matter density if its mass is 4.8 x 10^8 GeV. Among other predictions, we have: (i) that the three light neutrinos are majorana; (ii) that the lightest of these is exactly massless; and (iii) that there are no primordial long-wavelength gravitational waves. I will mention connections to the strong CP problem and the arrow of time. (Based on arXiv:1803.08928 and arXiv:1803.08930, with Kieran Finn and Neil Turok.)

Cosmic variance puts hard limits on what we can learn about fundamental physical processes on the largest cosmological scales. A neat trick allows this limit to be circumvented in some cases though, by cross-correlating multiple tracers of the cosmic matter distribution. After giving a few examples of where the multi-tracer technique can be useful, I will outline a new analytic statistical model to describe how the galaxies seen in different surveys (and at different wavelengths) jointly populate the dark matter halo distribution. While the model is necessarily simplified, its flexibility and analytic nature allow rapid exploration of the parameter space relevant to forthcoming surveys in the optical, IR, microwave, and radio. I will show the results of an MCMC fit to low-redshift multi-frequency (radio and optical) luminosity function data, and then discuss several successful (and not-so-successful) consistency tests of the model.