Scientific Series

For more than a decade, enigmatic extragalactic flashes called fast radio bursts (FRBs) have defied a definitive explanation for their origin. In addition, the unique properties of FRBs make them promising probes of both cosmology and the distribution of gas on intergalactic scales. The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is the only radio telescope capable of instantaneously observing hundreds of square degrees with the sensitivity of a 100-meter scale aperture. As a result, its transient search instrument, CHIME/FRB, has detected thousands of FRBs, increasing the known sample by an order of magnitude. I will give an overview of CHIME/FRB's most recent results, where observations of particular sources and statistical analyses of the FRB population are starting to reveal the nature of this mysterious phenomenon. I will then describe an effort to augment CHIME/FRB's capabilities by adding Outrigger telescopes, which will be located across North America and will precisely localize FRB sources using very long baseline interferometry. The resulting large sample of localized FRBs will allow for detailed measurements of the large-scale distribution of baryons in the universe, providing precise constraints on feedback processes in galaxy evolution.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/93157775112?pwd=bzZDMVc3VnF1WHZzeVlLOTdDZmtQQT09

Every time researchers have pushed the energy boundary in particle physics we have found something new about our Universe. Recently, IceCube has demonstrated that Neutrino Telescopes can use neutrinos from the cosmos as excellent tools to continue this exploration. The true potential of this field, however, remains to be realized due to limited observations of neutrinos at the highest energies. To unlock this potential, advanced detectors are needed that will push the forefront of the cosmic frontier, revealing new knowledge of extreme astrophysical phenomena, including through multi-messenger follow-up programs, and testing fundamental physics at scales well beyond those reachable by Earth-bound accelerators. The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a proposed initiative to construct one of the largest neutrino telescopes deep in the northern Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia. To overcome the challenges of a deep-sea installation, we have deployed two pathfinder mooring lines STRAW and STRAW-b in 2018 and 2020. These provide continuous monitoring of optical water properties at a potential detector site in the Pacific. In this talk I will cover results from these pathfinders and discuss the status of P-ONE. 

Zoom Link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91718716984?pwd=Wm00anU4UjFWd0tKYVZ0TVZ6aVMrZz09

In quantum many-body physics, we aim to understand and predict the exciting phenomena emerging from the interactions of many quantum particles. In this talk I will use the paradigmatic Fermi-Hubbard model, a conceptually simple model of interacting fermionic particles, as an example to highlight different approaches to gain insights into quantum many-body problems. I will describe a semi-analytical theory, established numerical methods, machine learning techniques, as well as quantum simulation experiments, which provide detailed information about the quantum state of the system. A particular focus will be on how to combine these different approaches to learn as much as possible about the system of interest, for example through new observables and modified microscopic models.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/94368447256?pwd=clhQcUJNaTR0UjVydnBHelo4N3JIQT09

The rich interplay between three-dimensional topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) and vertex operator algebras (VOAs) has been a useful bridge in understanding aspects of both subjects. In this talk, I will describe some aspects of this correspondence focusing on the simple, yet surprisingly rich, examples of Chern-Simons theories based on the Lie superalgebra gl(1|1).

Zoom Link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97698409749?pwd=ZkdzUHI2YXJEYk53VDQyZm1ERzJHUT09

Generative modeling via diffusion processes is already a vast field of literature. In this introduction, I will give an entry point to this field by going over the main concepts and deriving the essential results of the area. Thus, by the end of the talk, we would have a minimal pipeline for implementing the generative model. Furthermore, I will outline several alternative ways for learning such models that the community has developed in recent years. These directions bring novel perspectives and new capabilities of generative modeling.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98786491081?pwd=U1cvZzBQT2VUZDl5Ykd0c1lqY29aZz09

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are extremely energetic, millisecond-duration radio bursts coming outside our galaxy. The burst arrival time at different frequencies implies the number of electrons it has encountered in the foreground. Therefore, FRB is considered a promising new cosmology probe. The uncertainty of the circum-burst environment is one of the biggest concerns regarding its potential as a probe. In this talk, I will review the current understanding of the FRB progenitor and the recent study of the circum-burst environment. I will also discuss the many remaining mysteries, including the seemingly diverse nature of the sources, the magneto-environment, and the 16-day periodicity I found with one source. With the current and upcoming instruments, there will be more FRBs with orders of magnitude better spatial resolution detected in the next few years. The result will be an explosion of opportunity for understanding the burst origin and probing cosmic matter distribution at various spatial scales.

Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/92030175800?pwd=dWlGVjV0Qnh5bGhLMk1pd01yRmNKQT09

Trace map on deformation quantized algebra leads to the algebraic index theorem. We investigate a two-dimensional chiral analogue of the algebraic index theorem via the theory of chiral algebras developed by Beilinson and Drinfeld. We construct a trace map on the elliptic chiral homology of the free beta gamma-bc system using the BV quantization framework. As an example, we compute the trace evaluated on the unit constant chiral chain and obtain the formal Witten genus in the Lie algebra cohomology. This talk is based on joint work with Si Li.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91920988875?pwd=dUE1WDI5Q21KWTUxTGNsM21nblh5Zz09

For n≥3, we demonstrate the existence of quantum codes which are local in dimension n with V qubits, distance V^{(n−1)/n}, and dimension V^{(n−2)/n}, up to a polylog(V) factor. The distance is optimal up to the polylog factor. The dimension is also optimal for this distance up to the polylog factor. The proof combines the existence of asymptotically good quantum codes, a procedure to build a manifold from a code by Freedman-Hastings, and a quantitative embedding theorem by Gromov-Guth.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96227350980?pwd=TEFtamRmTXg3dnBMNEhKUkpHbmVoZz09

In holography, the quantum extremal surface formula relates the entropy of a boundary state to the sum of two terms: the area term and the entropy of bulk fields inside the entanglement wedge. As the bulk effective field theory suffers from UV divergences, the second term must be regularized. It has been conjectured since the work of Susskind and Uglum that the renormalization of Newton’s constant in the area term exactly cancels the difference between different choices of regularization for bulk entropy. In this talk, I will explain how the recent developments on von Neumann algebras appearing in the large N limit of holography allow to prove this claim within the framework of holographic quantum error correction, and to reinterpret it as an instance of the ER=EPR paradigm. This talk is based on the paper arXiv:2302.01938.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97435154387?pwd=OHYrRW9uSW5VeHRFUld1dmtVbmJiZz09

In any approach to quantum gravity, the quantum representation theory of the "algebra" of Cauchy hypersurface deformations plays a crucial role. Its faithful implementation is a key step towards constructing a valid theory of quantum gravity as it ensures quantum spacetime diffeomorphism covariance. Bergmann and Komar were the first to consider the possibilty of a corresponding quantum "group". Its construction is mathematically challenging in more than 1+1 spacetime dimensions because one leaves the realm of Lie algebras and Lie groups. After an introduction to these concepts, we show that the Bergmann Komar "group" can indeed be faithfully implemented in a weakly self-interacting truncation of 3+1 quantum gravity with two propagating polarisations. We then discuss possible implications for the actual, untruncated theory.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91488383205?pwd=bkxGS0huMGNEYXc3Y2FJSGZHQ0pqQT09

Quantum error mitigation has been proposed as a means to combat unwanted and unavoidable errors in near-term quantum computing using no or few additional quantum resources, in contrast to fault-tolerant schemes that come along with heavy overheads. Error mitigation has been successfully applied to reduce noise in near-term applications. 

In this work, however, we identify strong limitations to the degree to which quantum noise can be effectively `undone' for larger system sizes. We set up a framework that rigorously captures large classes of error mitigation schemes in use today. The core of our argument combines fundamental limits of statistical inference with a construction of families of random circuits that are highly sensitive to noise.

We show that even at poly loglog depth, a super-polynomial number of samples is needed in the worst case to estimate the expectation values of noiseless observables, the principal task of error mitigation. Notably, our construction implies that scrambling due to noise can kick in at exponentially smaller depths than previously thought. They also impact other near-term applications, constraining kernel estimation in quantum machine learning, causing an earlier emergence of noise-induced barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms and ruling out exponential quantum speed-ups in estimating expectation values in the presence of noise or preparing the ground state of a Hamiltonian.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95736148335?pwd=akZLaHE5aStNQVZOeVFETlltNzVwdz09

I will use the S-matrix Bootstrap to carve out the space of unitary, crossing symmetric, and supersymmetric graviton scattering amplitudes in nine, ten, and eleven dimensions. I will introduce a novel extension of positivity for massless particles beyond the forward limit called “positivity in the sky” that significantly improves the convergence of the bootstrap algorithm.

I will show the bounds on the first leading correction to maximal supergravity, study the physics of the extremal amplitudes and compare them with the available nonperturbative String and M-theory results.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99182927406?pwd=bWxIazFvUzhVQkpBdWluZURIM21wUT09