Scientific Series

I argue that the answer is yes, by reviewing the history and current status of such a theory.  Since 1982, I have been developing a series of such theories, beginning in 1982 with an N --> infinity limit of 2+1 dimensional matrix model (the IAS model), through another N --> infinity, T --> 0 limit of a BFSS model.  During this time our work was complemented by Adler's Trace model and others.   

Beginning in 2012, Cortes and I developed a different approach to an relational quantum cosmology by adding intrinsic energy momentum to Sorkin et al's causal set models.  The addition of energy- momentum as intrinsic variables opens up a new mechanism for the emergence of space, and spacetime, plus interacting relativistic particles.  Note that the warm phase is purely algebraic, you need no prior existence of any space to get other dimensions to emerge.   In 2021 I discovered how to derive quantum non-relativistic many body theory from what has since been called the Causal Theory of Views.  Finally in papers since we report progress on the construction of special and general relativistic  Causal Theory of Views.

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95891848248?pwd=TUpWK2RWbU9GTGxZS1lMeS81QWp1dz09

The Bekenstein bound posits a maximum entropy for matter with finite energy confined to a spacetime region. It is often interpreted as a fundamental limit on the information that can be stored by physical objects. In this work, we test this interpretation by asking whether the Bekenstein bound imposes constraints on a channel's communication capacity, a context in which information can be given a mathematically rigorous and operationally meaningful definition. We first derive a bound on the accessible information and demonstrate that the Bekenstein bound constrains the decoding instead of the encoding. Then we study specifically the Unruh channel that describes a stationary Alice exciting different species of free scalar fields to send information to an accelerating Bob, who is therefore confined to a Rindler wedge and exposed to the noise of Unruh radiation. We show that the classical and quantum capacities of the Unruh channel obey the Bekenstein bound. In contrast, the entanglement-assisted capacity is as large as the input size even at arbitrarily high Unruh temperatures. This reflects that the Bekenstein bound can be violated if we do not properly constrain the decoding operation in accordance with the bound. We further find that the Unruh channel can transmit a significant number of zero-bits, which are communication resources that can be used as minimal substitutes for the classical/quantum bits needed for many primitive information processing protocols, such as dense coding and teleportation. We show that the Unruh channel has a large zero-bit capacity even at high temperatures, which underpins the capacity boost with entanglement assistance and allows Alice and Bob to perform quantum identification. Therefore, unlike classical bits and qubits, zero-bits and their associated information processing capability are not constrained by the Bekenstein bound. (This talk is based on the recent work (https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.07436) with Patrick Hayden.)

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98778081764?pwd=WktjNU84R3NWRXNyVmt1eDVMK2JnUT09

Abstract TBA

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97133792880?pwd=d1pxMThTd1R3YjZUVENiOWRLOUZpZz09

I will introduce a new picture of quantum dynamics that might be thought of as "gauging" Schrodinger's picture that results in many "local" Hilbert spaces [1]. Truncating the dimensions of the local Hilbert spaces in this new picture yields an exciting new kind of tensor network whose computational cost does not increase with increasing spatial dimension (for fixed bond dimension) [2]. More detail: Although quantum dynamics are local for local Hamiltonians, the locality is not explicit in the Schrodinger picture since the wavefunction amplitudes do not obey a local equation of motion. In the first part of this talk, I will introduce a new picture of quantum dynamics—the gauge picture—which is similar to Schrodinger's picture, but with the feature that spatial locality is explicit in the equations of motion. In a sense, the gauge picture might be thought of as the result of "gauging" the global unitary symmetry of quantum dynamics into a local symmetry[1]. In the second part of the talk, I discuss a new kind of tensor network ansatz that is inspired from the gauge picture. In the gauge picture, different regions of space are associated with different Hilbert spaces, which are related by gauge connections. By relaxing the unitary constraint on the gauge connections, we can truncate the Hilbert space dimensions associated with different regions to obtain an approximate description of quantum dynamics. This truncated gauge picture, which we dub "quantum gauge network", is intriguingly similar to a classical lattice gauge theory coupled to a Higgs field (which are "local" wavefunctions in the gauge picture), but with non-unitary connections. In one spatial dimension, a quantum gauge network can be easily mapped to a matrix product density operator, and a matrix product state can be mapped to a quantum gauge network. Unlike tensor networks such as PEPS, quantum gauge networks boast the advantage that for fixed bond dimension, the computational cost does not increase with the number of spatial dimensions! Encoding fermionic wavefunctions is also remarkably straightforward. We provide a simple algorithm for approximately simulating quantum dynamics of bosonic or fermionic Hamiltonians in any spatial dimension. We compare the new quantum dynamics algorithm to exact methods for fermion systems in up to three spatial dimensions [2]. [1] The Gauge Picture of Quantum Dynamics. arXiv:2210.09314 [2] Quantum Gauge Networks: A New Kind of Tensor Network. arXiv:2210.12151

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/94596192271?pwd=MytzNUx4ZEZEemkvcEEzbllWM1J6QT09

The onset of the formation of structure in the early universe was marked by the monolithic collapse of smooth peaks in the initial density field. This process creates prompt rho ~ r^-1.5 density cusps of dark matter, which persist largely unaltered through the subsequent growth of dark matter halos around them. Consequently, in the standard collisionless dark matter paradigm, these prompt cusps are expected to be enormously abundant, and one resides at the center of every halo and subhalo. Prompt cusps present new opportunities to test the nature of dark matter. In annihilating dark matter models, the abundance of these features and the high density inside them greatly influence the intensity and morphology of the annihilation signal. For example, if the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess is due to annihilating dark matter, then a matching signal from unresolved prompt cusps should be detectable elsewhere. Moreover, the properties of prompt cusps are closely linked to details of the primordial density field. In warm dark matter models, prompt cusps are expected to be large enough to influence stellar motions within galaxies at detectable levels.

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98307421845?pwd=V3BqZmtyQ09XcjBwNEltTzFPTHJPUT09

In this informal talk, I shall give a short introduction to the field of higher-order quantum transformations, including its subfield of indefinite causal order. I shall discuss some of the motivations and important results in the field, current research directions and open problems, as well potential applications in quantum information processing.

In classical relativity we usually think of the metric signature as fixed, but quantum cosmology already forces us to consider more general situations such as transitions from Riemannian to Lorentzian signature. I will discuss the less studied phenomenon of an overall "flip" where all metric components change sign simultaneously (e.g., from "East Coast" to "West Coast" signature). Such an overall flip can represent saddle point solutions in quantum cosmology, or appear classically in the Plebański formalism or even a slight extension of Einstein--Hilbert gravity. Interestingly, at such a transition the cosmological constant can change both sign and magnitude, with a pure sign change being the most minimalistic proposal. Cosmological solutions transitioning classically between de Sitter and anti de Sitter can be found immediately, and the quantisation of a minisuperspace model turns out to be simpler than in the fixed signature case: in particular, the gravitational action reduces to a pure boundary term. Various other applications and the relation to unimodular gravity are also discussed.

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/93255772501?pwd=bWhzZUVBOTM2a3QvTGlXVGJ5TlZnUT09

In quantum field theories, locality and unitarity are essential properties. For functorial field theories, locality is manifested through compatibility with cutting and gluing of manifolds, which can be fully encoded in the definition of fully extended functorial field theories. However, unitarity or reflection positivity (its Euclidean version) has so far only been defined for non-extended or invertible field theories. In this talk, I will address the challenge of defining reflection positivity for extended topological field theories, proposing a definition based on a version of higher dagger categories.

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/93806769415?pwd=TVJFbWlJK0JyZCtjbHMvOWYxVUlRUT09

While Einstein's theory of gravity is formulated in a smooth setting, the singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose describe many physical situations in which this smoothness must eventually breakdown. In positive-definite signature, there is a highly successful theory of metric and metric-measure geometry which includes Riemannian manifolds as a special case, but permits the extraction of nonsmooth limits under curvature and dimension bounds analogous to the energy conditions in relativity: here sectional curvature is reformulated through triangle comparison, while Ricci curvature is reformulated using entropic convexity along geodesics of probability measures.This lecture explores recent progress in the development of an analogous theory in Lorentzian signature, whose ultimate goal is to provide a nonsmooth theory of gravity. We highlight how the null energy condition of Penrose admits a nonsmooth formulation as a variable lower bound on timelike Ricci curvature. We discuss an example showing the null energy condition does not survive the same sort of limits that uniform bounds on the timelike Ricci curvature respect. 

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/92777399316?pwd=QmNaM1J0elgyRGdmaGxCTTQxT2Y4QT09

In this talk I will explain my works with Y. Tachikawa to study anomaly in heterotic string theory via homotopy theory, especially the theory of Topological Modular Forms (TMF). TMF is an E-infinity ring spectrum which is conjectured by Stolz-Teichner to classify two-dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theories in physics. In the previous work (https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.13542), we proved the vanishing of anomalies in heterotic string theory mathematically by using TMF. Furthermore, we have a recent update (https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.06196) on the previous work. Because of the vanishing result, we can consider a secondary transformation of spectra, which is shown to coincide with the Anderson self-duality morphism of TMF. This allows us to detect subtle torsion phenomena in TMF by differential-geometric ways, and leads us to new conjectures on the relation between VOAs and TMF.

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/95550331572?pwd=OW1oYlBvUWVxaGNJRWl5aHVrS0pJZz09

I will begin by reviewing the general mathematical concept of representation. I will then show that representation theory is more generally applicable than one might expect, for example in quantum foundations, in quantum gravity and in machine learning. In those contexts, I will first talk about the notion of representation underlying phenomena of emergence in quantum gravity. I will then discuss how quantum reference frames might be viewed as representations. Finally, I will talk about how transformer models, such as GPT-4, construct representations of what they learn and, in that light, what it may take for machines to reach AGI or even consciousness.  

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99349397588?pwd=T056VjZXRWZWT28zY3VOZHFDcmQ3QT09

In this colloquium, the communicative boundary between science and society in Africa will be explored, using physics as an illustration. Different types of contact zones and scenes will be discussed, as well as the societal impact of staging and narrative formats. Based on our ongoing engagement project Making Science the Star, an overview of the relationship between sender and receiver will be presented, and recipes for tuning this interaction to unlock untapped potential in predominantly non-scientific communities will be analyzed.

DISCLAIMER: This talk contains Season1 Episode2 from the show series Science In The City. This is used with permission from Dr. Stéphane Kenmoe, Producer of the series and Presenter of this talk.

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Bio: Stéphane Kenmoe got a Ph.D. in Physics from the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research in Germany in 2015. He is presently a habilitation candidate at the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. He is also a science popularizer on TV and on social media, a science writer and a novelist. In 2020, he produced the movie ‘’Science in the City’’ (Science dans la Cité) in Cameroon. He is very active in networking for the promotion of early career African scientists and for connecting science and society. He has won many awards for his engagement, among which the 2020 Diversity Prize for Academic Leadership at the University of Duisburg-Essen, the Falling Walls Award for Science Engagement in 2021 and the Award for Prototypes of Humanity of the Dubai Authority for arts and culture in 2022. Since 2022, he is the chief editor of the African Physics Newsletter, an electronic quarterly about physics in Africa published by the American Physical Society. 

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Zoom link: https://pitp.zoom.us/j/92725978684?pwd=Yys0ci9JdE0zS054SGxyaWoxZkdUUT09