Scientific Series

The growth of cosmic structures provides a bridge between observations and theories. In the first part of this talk, I will review the sigma8 tension between early- and late-time measurements of cosmic structure growth, and its physical implications. Are we seeing a chink in the standard cosmological model’s armor? To unveil the origin of this tension (and possibly new physics in the late Universe), galaxy clustering and spectroscopic surveys will play an indispensable role. In the second part of the talk, I will introduce a novel framework to extract cosmological information from millions of galaxies in spectroscopic surveys, directly at the field level—i.e. the three-dimensional map level with millions of grid points. The goal is to achieve a percent-level constraint on sigma8 and growth of structure with stage-IV surveys like DESI. I will further discuss recent progress towards this goal, highlighting latest breakthroughs, results in a community data challenge, and remaining challenges.

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Recent progress in gravitational wave astronomy has spurred the development of efficient tools to describe gravitational binary dynamics. One such tool is classical worldline effective field theory (EFT). In the first part of my talk, I will show how to use this EFT for systematic studies of tidal heating and deformations (Love numbers) of compact objects. I will present a gauge-invariant definition of Love numbers and show how to extract them in a coordinate-independent way from scattering amplitudes of the gravitational Raman process. I will show that the worldline EFT exhibits strong fine-tuning when applied to black holes. This gives rise to a naturalness paradox associated with the vanishing of black hole static Love numbers. In the second part of my talk, I will present a new symmetry of black holes (Love symmetry) that elegantly resolves this paradox. The Love symmetry is tightly connected to isometries of extremal black holes that appear in many holographic constructions. It also provides a curious example of IR/UV mixing, which may give insights for other hierarchy problems.

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After briefly reviewing the dictionary between branes of Type IIB string theory and representations of the simplest quantum toroidal algebra, I will present a new class of brane setups which I call spiralling branes. Partition functions of these remarkable configurations reproduce K-theoretic vertex partition function, while on the algebraic side they correspond to Drinfeld twists of R-matrices. Time permitting, I will also discuss other applications of spiralling branes.

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Rich clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitational magnifiers in the Universe. One of the most interesting gravitational lensing phenomena arises when background galaxies overlap with the lensing caustics cast by the cluster lens, such that a portion of it is tremendously magnified by hundreds to even thousands fold. As a result, Nature’s most luminous classes of stars have been individually or collectively detected by space telescopes from cosmological distances. Quantitatively studying their behavior will enable us to probe an impressive hierarchy of fine mass structures inside the lens: from star-free sub-galactic cold dark matter halos, to intracluster stars, and to even minuscule dark matter clumps predicted in many of the particle physics models of the dark matter. I will talk about what we have theoretically understood about the extremely magnified stars, what latest observational advances there are, and what unique constraints on dark matter micro-structures can be derived.

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The asymptotic theory of quantum channel estimation has been well established, but in general noiseless and controllable ancilla is required for attaining the ultimate limit in the asymptotic regime. Little is known about the metrological performance without noiseless ancilla, which is more relevant in practical circumstances. In this work, we present a novel theoretical framework to address this problem, bridging quantum metrology and the asymptotic theory of quantum channels. Leveraging this framework, we prove sufficient conditions for achieving the Heisenberg limit with repeated application of the channel to estimate, both with and without applying interleaved unitary control operations. For the latter case, we design an algorithm to identify the control operation. Finally, we analyze several intriguing examples by our approach.

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Determining the long-range phase of matter of a strongly coupled system from its microscopic description has long been one of the central topics in physics. Simple microscopic systems often become strongly coupled at long range where we usually rely on clever approximations. Bootstrap is an alternative approach that uses positivity and equations of motion to make predictions in quantum many-body systems without making approximations. In this talk, I will show my recent work on using bootstrap to compute the ground state energy, local observables and gaps of a quantum many-body system in the thermodynamic limit with rigorous error bars.

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A cosmological network of axion strings in our Universe today may leave its imprint on the polarization pattern of the cosmic microwave background radiation through the phenomenon of axion-string-induced birefringence. I will explain how this signal arises, discuss how it depends on the properties of the string network and the axion-photon coupling, describe how existing measurements of anisotropic birefringence place constraints on axion strings, and discuss how the non-Gaussian nature of this signal could be leveraged in searches with future data.

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Elucidating the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and dynamics of the early universe stand as major challenges of modern cosmology and particle physics. I will present a new program of addressing these challenges with galaxy surveys. This program builds on theoretical particle physics tools and allows for sub-percent precision analytic understanding of galaxy clustering on large scales. I will share some results of this program that include new measurements of fundamental cosmological parameters and constraints on new physics beyond the standard models of particles and cosmology.

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Gravity creates space-time boundaries that limit observables without limiting the flow of energy and information. This means that quantum systems in cosmology are often open systems: to describe them we must include the effects of interaction with an unobservable environment. In many cosmological settings, different observers see different parts of the spacetime; the ensemble of the open systems for each observer makes up the full cosmology. In this talk I will introduce a class of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems constructed to mimic some key features of cosmology and demonstrate the utility of treating the full system as an ensemble of open systems. I will use these models to illustrate the possible connections between cosmological open quantum systems and thermodynamics, as well as open-systems-inspired ways to think about locality.

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Many quantum platforms naturally host Hamiltonians with power-law or even all-to-all connectivity, which may potentially process quantum information in a way much faster than conventional gate-based models. For such non-geometrically-local Hamiltonians, it is then important to both come up with fast protocols and understand the ultimate limit for realizing various information processing tasks. In this talk, I will first overview this quantum speed limit topic, and then dive into the particular task of quantum routing, i.e. permuting unknown quantum states on the qubits. I aim to show [1] a provably optimal Hamiltonian routing protocol on the star graph that is asymptotically faster than gate-based routing; [2] a lower bound on the time to realize the shift unitary using 1d power-law interactions which, perhaps surprisingly, can be much slower than the time for the conventional Lieb-Robinson light cone to spread across the whole system. The latter result shares interesting connections to the classification of 1d quantum cellular automata and symmetry-protected topological order.

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In this presentation, I will discuss our latest efforts to classify and characterize insulators in two spatial dimensions in the presence of interactions. I will focus on two examples, both on the square lattice. The first example is of bosonic insulators with symmetry G = p4m x K, where K is an internal symmetry group taken to be U(1), SO(3) or Z_N. The second example is of fermionic insulators with G= p4 x U(1)^f. In both scenarios, we propose a set of invariants that reproduce the classification anticipated through real space constructions and topological field theory (TFT). In doing so, we relate these invariants to coefficients appearing in the response action obtained from TFT. For the fermionic case, we propose a map from the non-interacting classification to the interacting classification.

This talk is based on work done with Naren Manjunath and Maissam Barkeshli.

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Ultra-cold Fermi gases exhibit a rich array of quantum mechanical properties, including the transition from a fermionic superfluid Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state to a bosonic superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which can be precisely probed experimentally. However, accurately describing these properties poses significant theoretical challenges due to strong pairing correlations and non-perturbative interactions. In this talk, I will discuss our recent development—a Pfaffian-Jastrow neural-network quantum state equipped with a message-passing architecture, designed to efficiently capture pairing and backflow correlations. We benchmark our approach against existing Slater-Jastrow frameworks and state-of-the-art diffusion Monte Carlo methods. Analysis of pair distribution functions and pairing gaps reveals the emergence of strong pairing correlations around unitarity. We demonstrate that transfer learning stabilizes the training process in the presence of strong, short-ranged interactions, allowing for an effective exploration of the BCS-BEC crossover region. Our findings highlight the potential of neural-network quantum states as a promising strategy for investigating ultra-cold Fermi gases.

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