Scientific Series

Supersymmetry (SUSY) has not been verified so far as a fundamental symmetry in particle physics. Emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics bring the possibility of realizing SUSY as an IR symmetry. We show that 2+1D N=2 Nf=2 supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics (SQED3) with dynamical gauge bosons and fermionic gauginos emerges naturally at the tricritical point of nematic pair-density-wave (PDW) quantum phase transition on the surface of a correlated topological insulator hosting three Dirac cones, such as the topological Kondo insulator SmB6. It provides a first example of emergent supersymmetric gauge theory in condensed matter systems. We also investigate the possibility of emergent 3+1D SUSY theory in lattice models. By constructing an explicit fermionic lattice model featuring two 3D Weyl nodes, we find a continuous PDW quantum phase transition as a function of attractive Hubbard interaction. We further show that N=1 3+1D SUSY emerges at the PDW transition, which we believe is the first realization of emergent 3+1D space-time SUSY in microscopic lattice models. Supersymmetry allows us to determine certain critical exponents and the optical conductivity at the strongly coupled fixed point exactly, which may be measured in future experiments.

In this talk I will discuss generalising the mapping from quantum error correcting codes to stat. mech. models (originally due to Dennis, Kitaev, Landahl and Preskill) to the case of correlated Pauli noise. This mapping connects the error correcting threshold to a phase transition, allowing us to use methods for studying stat. mech. models to estimate code thresholds. Using this, I will present numerical estimates of toric code thresholds under correlated noise. Time permitting, I will also discuss how this mapping can be used to give a tensor network-based algorithm for approximate optimal decoding of 2d topological codes, generalising the decoder of Bravyi, Suchara and Vargo.

We review the color memory effect which is the non-abelian gauge theory analog of the gravitational memory effect, in which the passage of color radiation induces a net relative SU(3) color rotation of a pair of nearby quarks. Then, we show how the color memory effect arises in Regge limit scattering processes and propose that this effect can be measured in the Regge limit of deeply inelastic scattering at electron-ion colliders.

Repeated null-results at dark matter experiments targeted at WIMP masses, have resulted in the spotlight shifting to lighter dark matter and more exotic WIMP candidates. In this talk I shall present the rich level structure of molecules and nuclei as a tool to explore MeV scale dark matter and dark forces. I will also present a novel detector concept that supplies energy to dark matter, thus accessing inelastic dark matter parameter space.

In this talk I will consider the S-matrix bootstrap of four dimensional scattering amplitudes with O(3) symmetry and no bound states and apply the formalism to pion physics. I will discuss the remarkable location where QCD seems to lie in the multi-dimensional space of zeros, scattering length and resonance mass values, based on various experimental and theoretical expectations.

Operator scrambling is a crucial ingredient of quantum chaos. Specifically, in the quantum chaotic system, a simple operator can become increasingly complicated under unitary time evolution. This can be diagnosed by various measures such as square of the commutator (out-of-time-ordered correlator), operator entanglement entropy etc. In this talk, we discuss operator dynamics in three representative models: a 2-local spin model with all-to-all interaction, a chaotic spin chain with long-range interactions,  and the quantum linear map. In the first two examples, we explore the operator dynamics by using the quantum Brownian circuit approach and transform the operator spreading into a classical stochastic problem. Although the speeds of scrambling are quite different, a simple operator can eventually approach a "highly entangled" operator with operator entanglement entropy taking a volume law value (close to the Page value). Meanwhile, the spectrum of the operator reduced density matrix develops a universal spectral correlation which can be characterized by the Wishart random matrix ensemble.  In contrast, in the third example (the quantum linear map), although the square of commutator can increase exponentially with time, a simple operator does not scramble but performs chaotic motion in the operator basis space determined by the classical linear map. We show that once we modify the quantum linear map such that operator can mix in the operator basis, the operator entanglement entropy can grow and eventually saturate to its Page value, thus making it a truly quantum chaotic model.

The gravitational waves from a binary inspiral carry unique information about the internal structure of compact objects. This information is of major interest for neutron stars, offering the possibility for advancing our understanding matter and fundamental interactions in unexplored regimes. I will discuss the imprints of an object’s internal structure, and in particular neutron star matter, on the gravitational waves generated during an inspiral, methods for analytically modeling these effects, and what we have learned from GW170817. I will also outline future prospects and challenges.

This year there appear several amazing experiments  in the graphene moire superlattices.  In this talk I will focus on the ABC trilayer graphene/h-BN system. Mott-like  insulators at 1/4 and 1/2 of the valence band have already been reported by Feng Wang’s group at Berkeley. The sample is dual gated on top and bottom with voltage V_t and V_b.  V_t+V_b controls the density of electrons. Interestingly we find that the displacement field D=V_t-V_b can control both the topology and the bandwidth of the valence band. For one sign of D (for example D>0), there are two narrow Chern bands with opposite Chern numbers C=3,-3 for the two valleys. For D<0, the bands of the two valleys are trivial and have localized Wannier orbitals on a triangular lattice.  As a result, the physics is governed by a spin-valley Hubbard model on a triangular lattice. This talk focuses on the D<0 side and  consists of two parts:  (1) I will provide the details of this spin-valley Hubbard model and discuss some subtleties special to the moire systems.   (2) In the second part I want to show some of our theoretical attempts on this Hubbard model. First I will show that this system is a perfect platform for studying metal-insulating transition. I will provide a theory of continuous Mott transition between a Fermi liquid and a spinon Fermi surface Mott insulator. Second I will discuss some possible metallic phases upon doping away from the Mott insulator.  Unlike the familiar spin 1/2 case, the spin-valley Hubbard model may not be in a conventional Fermi liquid phase even in the over-doped region. I will provide some candidates of possible unconventional metals based on a six-flavor slave boson theory for the hole doped side.

References:

Feng Wang et.al. arxiv: 1803.01985

Ya-Hui Zhang, Dan Mao, Yuan Cao, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and T. Senthil.  arXiv:1805.08232

Ya-Hui Zhang and T. Senthil, arxiv: 1809.05110

Ya-Hui Zhang and T. Senthil, ongoing work

What does it mean for quantum state to be genuinely fully multipartite? Some would say, whenever the state cannot be decomposed as a mixture of states each of which has no entanglement across some partition. I'll argue that this partition-centric thinking is ill-suited for the task of assessing the connectivity of the network required to realize the state. I'll introduce a network-centric perspective for classifying multipartite entanglement, and it's natural device-independent counterpart, namely a network-centric perspective for classifying multipartite nonclassicality of correlations. Time permitting, we can then explore semidefinite programming (SDP) algorithms for convex optimization over k-partite-entangled states and k-partite-nonlocal correlations relative to the network-centric classification. Joint work with Denis Rosset and others. We will compare the new quantum-inflation techniques to the classical inflation of arXiv:1609.00672. I'll share a few results made possible by these SDPs, while being openly critical about some disappointing apparent limitations.

We consider implications of superrotations as an asymptotic symmetry of asymptotically flat spacetimes.  Beginning with a review of the rich structure of interconnections between soft theorems, asymptotic symmetries, and                 memory effects, we describe the superrotation iteration.  The subleading soft graviton theorem can be cast as a Ward identity for this asymptotic symmetry in 4D, and also as one for the stress tensor of a putative CFT2.  We detail the change of scattering basis motivated by this asymptotic symmetry and discuss recent progress.

In July 2018 the Planck Collaboration released its final set of cosmology results. I will discuss some of the  interesting new science that remains to be done with the CMB, including some not so often discussed topics such as the kinetic SZ effect and 21cm cross-correlations.

A 3d N=4 gauge theory admits two topological twists, which we'll simply call A and B. The two twists are exchanged by 3d mirror symmetry. It is known that local operators in the A (resp. B) twist include the Coulomb-branch (resp. Higgs-branch) chiral rings.  In this talk I will discuss the *line* operators preserved by the two twists, which in each case should have the structure of a braided tensor category.

Roughly speaking, one finds vortex lines in the A-twist and Wilson lines in the B-twist. I will propose a geometric identification of the corresponding categories, and explain how geometric calculations can be used to find the vector spaces of local operators at junctions of lines.

Combined with 3d mirror symmetry, this will lead to new dualities of braided tensor categories. [Joint work with N. Garner, M. Geracie, and J. Hilburn.]