Scientific Series

Bosonic ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) would form cored density distributions at the centres of galaxies. These cores admit analytic description as the lowest energy bound state solution ("soliton") of the Schrödinger-Poisson equations. Numerical simulations of ULDM galactic halos found empirical scaling relations between the mass of the large-scale host halo and the mass of the central soliton. 
We connect the simulation results of different groups to basic properties of the soliton. Importantly, simulations imply that the specific kinetic energy in the soliton and in the host halo should be approximately equal. This relation predicts that the peak circular velocity, measured for the host halo in the outskirts of the galaxy, should repeat itself in the central region. Contrasting this prediction to the measured rotation curves of low surface-brightness galaxies, we show that ULDM in the mass range m ~ 10⁻²²-10⁻²¹ eV, which has been invoked as a possible solution of small-scale puzzles of ΛCDM, is in tension with the data. We discuss the potential of detailed dynamical modelling of the Milky Way and other well-resolved galaxies to probe ULDM up to m ~ 10⁻¹⁹ eV.

I'll discuss recent work on finding time-dependent solutions of a black hole interacting with a scalar field. I'll discuss two distinct cases where the back-reaction of the scalar can be found. First, in the case that the scalar is slowly rolling (such as in inflation) the scalar field can be found in terms of super-advanced time coordinate, regular on both horizons. The scalar back-reacts on the geometry, with the black hole accreting and growing more or less as expected. The second case I'll describe briefly is scalar hair in modified gravity - giving a scalar-dressed rotating black hole that is finite on both horizons. 

The Heisenberg algebra plays a vital role in many areas of mathematics and physics.  We will describe a family of quantum Heisenberg categories, depending on a choice of central charge, that categorify this algebra.  When the central charge is nonzero, these categories act on modules for cyclotomic quotients of the affine Hecke algebra.  In central charge zero, we obtain an affinization of the HOMFLY-PT skein category, which acts on modules for $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_n)$.  We will also discuss how the categories can be generalized by adding a Frobenius superalgebra into the construction.  This is joint work with Jon Brundan and Ben Webster.

I will discuss an attempt at approaching quantum features of spacetime from a microscopic point of view. In combination with quantum gravity, one can consider a scenario in which spacetime has structure at the level of quantum interactions, and classical spacetime emerges at larger scales. This type of scenario would require entangling interactions, and a reliance on information exchange would have effects on the classical field theory.

The conservation law for the total (orbital plus spin) angular momentum of a Dirac particle in the presence of gravity requires that spacetime is not only curved, but also has a nonzero torsion. The coupling between the spin and torsion in the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity generates gravitational repulsion at extremely high densities, which prevents a singularity in a black hole and may create there a new, closed, baby universe undergoing one or more nonsingular bounces. We show that quantum particle production caused by an extremely high curvature near a bounce creates enormous amounts of matter and can generate a finite period of inflation. Our scenario has only one parameter, does not depend significantly on the initial conditions, does not involve hypothetical scalar fields, avoids eternal inflation, and predicts plateau-like inflation that is supported by the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. This scenario suggests that our Universe may have originated from a nonsingular bounce in a black hole existing in another universe.

Strong gravitational lenses with measured time delays between the multiple images can be used to determine the Hubble-Lemaitre constant (H0) that sets the expansion rate of the Universe. An independent determination of H0 is important to ascertain the possible need of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model, given the tension in current H0 measurements. A program initiated to measure H0 to <3.5% in precision from strongly lensed quasars is in progress, and I will present the latest results and their implications. Search is underway to find new lenses in imaging surveys. An exciting discovery of the first strongly lensed supernova offered a rare opportunity to perform a true blind test of our modeling techniques. I will outline a new research program on lensed supernovae, showing their bright prospects as a competitive and unique probe of cosmology and stellar physics.

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) describes the low-energy physics of electromagnetically conducting plasmas. In the conventional formulation of MHD, one introduces dynamical electromagnetic fields on top of the usual hydrodynamic setup by hand. In this talk, we will explore an alternate effective view of MHD purely based on symmetries, as a "string fluid" of magnetic field lines, without any assumption about the underlying microscopic field content. We will argue that MHD is described by a novel theory of superfluidity with a partially broken one-form symmetry. We will also discuss the implications of this broken symmetry for constructing hydrostatic partition functions describing MHD. The talk is based on [arXiv:1808.01939, arXiv:1811.04913]. 

Principal bundles and their moduli have been important in various aspects of physics and geometry for many decades. It is perhaps not so well-known that a substantial portion of the original motivation for studying them came from number theory, namely the study of Diophantine equations. I will describe a bit of this history and some recent developments.

I discuss a geometric interpretation of the twisted indexes of 3d (softly broken) $\cN=4$ gauge theories on $S^1 \times \Sigma$ where $\Sigma$ is a closed genus $g$ Riemann surface, mainly focussing on quivers with unitary gauge groups. The path integral localises to a moduli space of solutions to generalised vortex equations on $\Sigma$, which can be understood algebraically as quasi-maps to the Higgs branch. I demonstrate that the twisted indexes computed in previous work reproduce the virtual Euler characteristic of the moduli spaces of twisted quasi-maps. I investigate 3d $\cN=4$ mirror symmetry in this context, which implies an equality of enumerative invariants associated to mirror pairs of Higgs branches under the exchange of equivariant and degree counting parameters. I will conclude with some remarks about how holomorphic Morse theory can be used to access the spaces of supersymmetric ground states in limits where $\cN=4$ supersymmetry is fully restored. These spaces of ground states may be related to the spaces of conformal blocks for the VOAs introduced by Costello and Gaiotto.

The discovery of a Higgs like boson at LHC in 2012 was a development of fundamental importance in particle physics. With this newly discovered state included in theoretical predictions of scattering events,  the Standard Model can be extrapolated  to much higher experimental energies. This implies that a degree of scale separation will be present between the discovered particles of the Standard Model, and any new particles required to address the outstanding mysteries that the Standard Model leaves unanswered. As a result, interest in treating the Standard Model as a consistent Effective Field Theory (the SMEFT) has dramatically increased. This powerful theory is the state of the art in studying experimental results model independently, up to energies that LHC probes in a robust fashion experimentally. Rather remarkably, as interest in this theory has increased in recent years, a number of subtleties has also been discovered in the physics of the SMEFT.  In this talk, I will review this rapidly advancing area.

At the event horizon of a black hole, gravity reaches its most extreme behaviour. Studying the dynamics of event horizons is key to understand gravity in is ultra-strong field regime and investigate the most fundamental properties of black holes. Black hole collisions provide a unique scenario to observe event horizons in a highly distorted and violently changing regime, which leads to a vast collection of phenomena that has not yet been detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo. In this talk I will discuss the imprint that these phenomena leave in the gravitational-wave emission of black hole collisions and what it can teach us about the properties of black hole horizons.

Applications of physics to geometry have deep historical roots going back at least to Archimedes, while recent decades have seen structures of classical and quantum gauge theory lead to enormous advances in the theory of three and four manifolds. Meanwhile, geometry provides conceptual tools for physics as foundational  as variational principles, the kinematics of spacetime, and the topological  classification of matter. This talk will describe some possibilities for bringing number theory, more specifically, *arithmetic geometry* into this interaction. After giving some examples of the suggestive interplay of  number theory and physics, I will speculate somewhat on how ideas of quantum field theory may elucidate some of the deepest and hardest problems of number theory, especially the effective Mordell conjecture and the Hasse-Weil conjecture.