Scientific Series

We derive Schwarzian correlation functions using the BF formulation of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, where bilocal operators are interpreted as boundary-anchored Wilson lines in the bulk. Crossing Wilson lines are associated with OTO-correlators and give rise to 6j-symbols. We discuss the semi-classical bulk black hole physics contained within the correlation functions.

Extensions including bulk defects related to the other coadjoint orbits are discussed.

How violently do two quantum operators disagree? Different subfields of physics feature different notions of incompatibility: i) In quantum information theory, uncertainty relations are cast in terms of entropies. These entropic uncertainty relations constrain measurement outcomes. ii) Condensed matter and high-energy physics feature interacting quantum many-body systems, such as spin chains. A local perturbation, such as a Pauli operator on one side of a chain, preads through many-body entanglement. The perturbation comes to overlap, and to disagree, with probes localized on the opposite side of the system. This disagreement signals that quantum information about the perturbation has scrambled, or become hidden in highly nonlocal correlations. I will unite these two notions of quantum operator disagreement, presenting an entropic uncertainty relation for quantum-information scrambling. The entropies are of distributions over weak and strong measurements' possible outcomes. The uncertainty bound strengthens when a spin chain scrambles in numerical simulations. Hence the subfields - quantum information, condensed matter, and high-energy physics - can agree about when quantum operations disagree. Our relation can be tested experimentally with superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and quantum dots. 

NYH, Bartolotta, and Pollack, accepted by Comms. Phys. (in press) arXiv:1806.04147.

Computing vacuum expectation values is paramount in studying Quantum Field Theories (QFTs) since they provide relevant information for comparing the underlying theory with experimental results. However, unless the ground state of the system is explicitly known, such computations are very difficult and Monte Carlo simulations generally run months to years on state-of-the-art high performance computers. Additionally, there are various physically interesting situations, in which most numerical methods currently in use are not applicable at all (e.g., the early universe or setting requiring Lorentzian backgrounds). Thus, new algorithms are required to address such problems in QFT. In recent joint work with K. Jansen (NIC, DESY Zeuthen), I have shown that zeta-functions of Fourier integral operators can be applied to regularize vacuum expectation values with Euclidean and Lorentzian backgrounds and that these zeta-regularized vacuum expectation values are in fact physically meaningful. In order to prove physicality, we introduced a discretization scheme which is accessible on a quantum computer. Using this discretization scheme, we can efficiently approximate ground states on a quantum device and henceforth compute vacuum expectation values. Furthermore, the Fourier integral operator $\zeta$-function approach is applicable to Lattice formulations in Lorentzian background. 

Optimally encoding classical information in a quantum system is one of the oldest and most fundamental challenges of quantum information theory. Holevo’s bound places a hard upper limit on such encodings, while the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland (HSW) theorem addresses the question of how many classical messages can be “packed” into a given quantum system. In this article, we use Sen’s recent quantum joint typicality results to prove a one-shot multiparty quantum packing lemma generalizing the HSW theorem. The lemma is designed to be easily applicable in many network communication scenarios. As an illustration, we use it to straightforwardly obtain quantum generalizations of well-known classical coding schemes for the relay channel: multihop, coherent multihop, decode-forward, and partial decode-forward. We provide both finite blocklength and asymptotic results, the latter matching existing formulas. Given the key role of the classical packing lemma in network information theory, our packing lemma should help open the field to direct quantum generalization.

Over the years, many rich ideas have been exchanged between particle theory and condensed matter theory, such as particle/hole theory, superconductivity and dynamical symmetry breaking, universality and critical phenomena. Here I discuss the interesting case of how the two fields converged independently along different paths on the physics of symmetry-protected topological order: condensed matter physicists motivated by the quantum Hall effect and superconductivity, the particle physicists driven by the desire to understand anomalies and chirality, and to compute QCD and supersymmetry on a lattice -- where the Quantum Hall effect, the Quantum Spin Hall effect and Majorana surface modes have all played a role in practical computations since the 1990s.  

We study the possibility of a deconfined quantum phase transition in a realistic model of a two dimensional Shastry-Sutherland quantum magnet, using both numerical and field theoretic techniques. We argue that the quantum phase transition between a two fold degenerate plaquette valence bond  solid (pVBS) order and N\'eel ordered phase may be described by a deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) with emergent O(4) symmetry. Further, using the infinite density matrix renormalization group (iDMRG) numerical technique, we verify the emergence of an intermediate pVBS order, between the dimer and Neel ordered phases. By analyzing the correlation length spectrum, we provide evidence for deconfinement and emergent O(4) symmetry at the phases transistion between the pVBS and N\'eel orders. Such a phase transition has been reported in the recent pressure tuned experiments in the Shastry-Sutherland lattice material  SrCu2(BO3)2. The non-symmorphic lattice structure of the Shastry-Sutherland compound leads to extinction points in the scattering, where we predict sharp signatures of a DQCP in both the phonon and magnon spectra associated with the spinon continuua. Our results can guide future experimental studies of DQCP in quantum magnets.

A common criticism directed against many-world theories is that, being deterministic, they cannot make sense of probability. I argue that, on the contrary, deterministic theories with branching provide us the only known coherent definition of objective probability. I illustrate this argument with a toy many-worlds theory known as Kent's universe, and discuss its limitations when applied to the usual Many-Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.

I'll also argue that subjective probabilities are unproblematic in the many-worlds setting by showing how the usual decision-theoretical axioms apply there, and finish by showing that together with a proper definition of measurement they suffice to derive the Born rule.

Defects and their RG flows play an important role in many systems, with perhaps the most famous example being the Kondo effect. We study Kondo-like interface flows in D1/D5 holography from the point of view of both probe branes and of the corresponding backreacted supergravity solutions.

In the context of geometric quantisation, one starts with the data of a symplectic manifold together with a pre-quantum line bundle, and obtains a quantum Hilbert space by means of the auxiliary structure of a polarisation, i.e. typically a Lagrangian foliation or a Kähler structure. One common and widely studied problem is that of quantising Hamiltonian flows which do not preserve it. In the simple case of Kähler quantisation of a symplectic vector space, one may consider the space of all Kähler structures, and organise the corresponding Hilbert spaces to form an infinite-rank vector bundle on it, so the quantisation of symplectic transformations may be understood in terms of their action on this bundle.
In this talk I shall consider a variation of this construction for the case of a hyper-Kähler vector space V, in which case the symplectic form and the pre-quantum line bundle are allowed to change together with the complex structure. In a joint work with Andersen and Rembado, we construct a bundle of Hilbert spaces on the sphere of Kähler structures, on which a flat connection is naturally defined. The group of isometries of V which preserve this sphere globally also acts on the bundle, and the construction determines a quantisation of this group. Time permitting, I shall discuss our main application of this construction—the quantisation of the circle action on the moduli space of reductive Higgs bundles over an elliptic curve.

This is practice for a talk at Berkeley, so it will involve explaining stuff many people here probably already know.  I'll try to summarize what I've learned about 3 dimensional N=4 supersymmetric quantum field theories, their twists and how these manifest in terms of interesting objects in mathematics.  If nothing else, hopefully there will be some comedy value in my attempt.  

I will discuss the computation of second-order terms in the entanglement entropy and subregion complexity for a spherical entangling region in the AdS black hole background relative to pure AdS. I will suggest an extension of the conjectured relationship between subregion complexity and Fisher information into a relation that is reminiscent of the first law of thermodynamics. By analogy, entanglement and complexity play the roles of heat and work, respectively. Time permitting, I will also discuss the computation of third- and fourth-order terms in the relative entropy. 

In this talk, I will discuss some interesting connections between Hamiltonian complexity, error correction, and quantum circuits. First, motivated by the Quantum PCP Conjecture, I will describe a construction of a family of local Hamiltonians where the complexity of ground states — even when subject to large amounts of noise — is superpolynomial (under plausible complexity assumptions). The construction is simple, making use of the well-known Feynman-Kitaev circuit Hamiltonian construction.

Next, I will describe how this complexity result can be repurposed to construct local approximate error correcting codes with (nearly) linear distance and (nearly) constant rate. By contrast, it remains an open problem to construct quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) stabilizer codes that achieve similarly good parameters.

An interesting component of our code construction is the Brueckmann-Terhal spacetime circuit Hamiltonian construction, and a novel analysis of its spectral gap. Our codes are ground spaces of non-commuting  — but frustration-free -- local Hamiltonians. We believe that our results present additional evidence that the study of approximate error correction and non-stabilizer codes may be much richer than previously thought.

This talk will have more questions than answers, and is based on two papers:

·  https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07419 (joint with Chinmay Nirkhe and Umesh Vazirani)

·  https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00277 (joint work with Thom Bohdanowicz, Elizabeth Crosson, and Chinmay Nirkhe)