Scientific Series

Large galaxy surveys have dramatically improved our understanding of astrophysics and cosmology in the high-redshift universe, but they are fundamentally limited by the need to integrate long enough to detect each individual source. Line intensity mapping has recently arisen as a powerful alternative to these surveys, offering access to fainter sources and larger volumes than conventional techniques. There has been a surge of experimental interest in this technique, with surveys planned or in progress across the electromagnetic spectrum. In this talk, I will describe the wide variety of science which we will obtain from these experiments in the next few years and illustrate the methods by which we can go from maps of confused line emission to useful astrophysics. I will show how intensity maps can give new insights into topics ranging from star formation to the high-redshift ISM to the Hubble constant tension. I will further discuss the utility of combining intensity maps with conventional surveys, both for systematics control and for studying processes like AGN feedback. I will close with a discussion of how modern machine learning methods can be used to further extend what we can learn from these surveys.

We review recent efforts to turn the cosmological constant into a dynamical variable without an ungainly proliferation of free parameters. In a cosmological setting where parity invariance is imposed (along with homogeneity and isotropy) this leads to phenomenological disaster. However, in this theory it is possible to construct parity violating Friedman models due to torsion, a re-enactment of "Cartan's spiral staircase". We examine the Hamiltonian structure of the 2 branches (parity compliant and parity violating) and conclude that they must correspond to different theories, with different numbers of degrees of freedom. Parity violation may save these models phenomenologically, giving observational relevance to the Pontryagin invariant (and possibly the Immirzi parameter) in cosmology.

I will discuss a theorem, joint work in progress with Constantin Teleman, in which we characterize which topological 3-dimensional Chern-Simons theories admit nonzero boundary theories.  Accepting some physical heuristics, it tells which gapped systems in 2+1 dimensions admit only gapless boundary systems.

The event horizon and the Cauchy horizon of an extremal black hole admit conserved charges associated with scalar perturbations. We will see that these charges are externally measurable from null infinity. This suggests that these charges have the potential to serve as an observational signature for extremal black holes. The proof of this result is based on obtaining precise late-time asymptotics for the radiation field of outgoing perturbations.

Topology illuminates properties of geometric spaces which are independent of scale.  Scale-independent features of physical systems play an important role, for example when deducing the large-scale behavior from a small-scale description.  After an introduction to basic topological ideas, I will discuss two joint results with Mike Hopkins, one an application to string theory and the other an application to condensed matter theory.

Entanglement entropy in topologically ordered matter phases has been computed extensively using various methods. In this talk, we study the entanglement entropy of 2D topological phases from the perspective of quasiparticle fluctuations. In this picture, the entanglement spectrum of a topologically ordered system encodes the quasiparticle fluctuations of the system, and the entanglement entropy measures the maximal quasiparticle fluctuations on the entanglement boundary. As a consequence, entanglement entropy corresponds to the thermal entropy of the quasiparticles at infinite temperature on the entanglement boundary. We corroborates our results with explicit computation in the quantum double model with/without boundaries. We then systematically construct the reduced density matrices of the quantum double model on generic 2-surfaces with boundaries. 

 In the framework of ontological models, the features of quantum

theory that emerge as inherently nonclassical always involve properties that

are fine tuned, i.e.  properties that hold at the operational level but break at the

ontological level (they only hold for fine tuned values of the ontic parameters). Famous

examples of fine tuned properties are noncontextuality and locality. We here

develop a precise theory-independent mathematical framework for characterizing

operational fine tunings. These are distinct from causal fine tunings — already

introduced by Wood and Spekkens — as they do not involve any assumption

on the underlying causal structure. We show how all the already known examples of

operational fine tunings fit into our framework, we discuss possibly new fine tunings

and we use the framework to shed new light on the relation between nonlocality

and generalized contextuality. The framework is set in the language of functors in category

theory and it aims at unifying the spooky properties of quantum theory as well as

accounting for new ones.

Magnetic skyrmions are topological solitons which occur in a large class of ferromagnetic materials and which  are currently attracting much attention, not least because of their potential use for  low-energy magnetic information storage and manipulation. The talk is about an integrable model for magnetic skyrmions, introduced in a recent paper (arxiv:1812.07268) and generalised in  arxiv:1905.06285. The model is based on a geometrical interpretation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in terms of a non-abelian gauge field.  In the talk will explain the model and the geometry behind its solution, and discuss solutions and their applications.

I will discuss recent developments in describing the chiral algebras associated to 4d N=2 theories introduced by Beem et al. in terms of Omega backgrounds, and give a description of the class S chiral algebras following this perspective, in terms of boundary conditions, interfaces, and junctions in 4d N=4 SYM.

Then, I will present work in progress on a general TFT-type procedure for calculating the factorization algebras describing 2d CFTs which arise as compactifications of such configurations. I will show that this method correctly computes the class S chiral algebras, matching the construction of Arakawa, and discuss potential applications to computing the vertex algebras associated to toric divisors in toric CY3s, following Gaiotto-Rapcak.

Schur-Weyl duality, arising from tensor-power representations of the unitary group, is a big useful hammer in the quantum information toolbox. This is especially the case for problems which have a full unitary invariance, say, estimating the spectrum of a quantum state from a few copies. Many problems in quantum computing have a smaller symmetry group: the Clifford group. This talk will show how to decompose tensor-power Clifford representations through a Schur-Weyl type construction. Our results are also relevant for the theory of Howe duality between symplectic and orthogonal groups.