High Energy Physics

The 21st century may come to be known as the Age of Photonics, as we exploit our ability to make and manipulate light as an amazing carrier of energy and information. From quantum computing and entanglement to eye surgery and solar energy, humans are already reaping the benefits of our own endeavours to understand and control light.

In her public lecture webcast at Perimeter on March 6, Cather Simpson from the University of Auckland will highlight her research in exploring how recent advances in the physics of light are transforming our ability to feed the planet safely and sustainably.

Simpson moved from Case Western Reserve University in the USA to the University of Auckland’s Physics and Chemistry Departments in 2007. There, she started the Photon Factory, a laser centre whose mission is to exploit exotic, ultrashort pulsed lasers to enable cross-disciplinary research from the very fundamental to the applied and entrepreneurial.

Simpson’s research explores the interaction of light with matter, particularly how materials can convert light into more useful forms of energy. A relatively recent area of focus is in agriculture, where her work has led to two international award-winning spinout companies. Her many recent accolades include a National Tertiary Teaching Excellence Award, the 2016 Silicon Valley Forum 1st-place AgTech medal, and election as a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi.

It is known that there is a relationship between conformal Carroll transformations and BMS symmetry. In this talk I will explore the geometry of generic Carroll structures which may be thought of as the basic underlying geometric structure on null hypersurfaces. A Carroll structure can be thought of as a fibre bundle with Ehresmann connection, and one finds that (generalized) BMS symmetry emerges as the conformal symmetry of this bundle and connection. I’ll briefly also describe how this story fits into the physics of ’soft modes.’

Mirror sectors -- hidden sectors that are approximate copies of the Standard Model -- are a generic prediction of many models, notably the Mirror Twin Higgs model. Such models can have a rich cosmology and many interesting detection signatures beyond the realm of colliders. In this talk, I will focus on the possibility that mirror matter can form stars which undergo mirror nuclear fusion in their cores. I will discuss the mechanisms by which these objects can emit Standard Model light and estimate their luminosity and prospects for their detection.

An assessment of the particle standard model and an alternative formulation of
the model are presented. An ultraviolet complete particle model is constructed
for the observed particles of the standard model. The quantum field theory
associates infinite derivative entire functions with propagators and vertices, which
make perturbative quantum loops finite and maintain Poincaré invariance and
unitarity of the model. The electroweak model SU(2) X U(1) group is treated as a
broken symmetry group with non-vanishing experimentally determined boson
and fermion masses. A spontaneous symmetry breaking of the vacuum by a
scalar Higgs field is not invoked to restore boson and fermion masses to the
initially massless SU(2) X U(1) Lagrangian of the standard model. The hierarchy
naturalness problem of the Higgs boson mass is resolved and the model
contains only experimentally observed masses and coupling constants. The
renormalization group features of the scalar Higgs field are investigated and the
model is shown to be asymptotically safe and free from the triviality problem. It is
demonstrated that the finite nonlocal quantum field theory satisfies
microcausality. The model can predict a stable vacuum evolution. Experimental
tests to distinguish the standard model from the alternative model are proposed.
The finite quantum field theory can be extended to quantum gravity.

Motivated by recent interesting holographic results, several attempts have been made to study complexity ( rather " Circuit Complexity") for quantum field theories using Nielsen's geometric method. But most of the studies so far have been limited to free quantum field theory. In this talk we will take a baby step towards understanding the circuit  complexity for interacting quantum field theories. We will consider \lambda \phi^4 theory and discuss in detail how to set up the computation perturbatively in coupling. Our method enables us to study circuit complexity in the epsilon expansion for the Wilson-Fisher fixed point. We find that with increasing dimensionality the circuit depth increases in the presence of the \phi^4 interaction eventually causing the perturbative calculation to breakdown. We discuss how circuit complexity relates with the renormalization group. Finally we discuss several possible generalization and compare our results with other approaches.

Using knowledge about the spectrum of operators in N=4 SYM, consistency of OPE, and analytic bootstrap techniques, I will obtain 1- loop corrections for 4-pt functions of single particle half-BPS operators of IIB supergravity on AdS_5\timesS^5. Along the way, I will discuss a general formula for the leading anomalous dimension of all double-trace operators in the supergravity regime.

Recently I pointed out that reconstruction of interior operators can be interpreted as the Hayden-Preskill recovery. Building on this observation, I will propose a resolution of the firewall puzzle by describing a state-independent reconstruction of interior operators which does not lead to the non-local signaling. 

We show how the extended thermodynamics of hyperbolic black holes in AdS describes features of quantum information measures in quantum field theory, and discuss prospects for making further connections. In particular, the second law of thermodynamics is seen in this context to map to the generalized Zamolodchikov c-theorem, connecting these two firmly for the first time. Some projects for getting further lessons and perhaps new tools from  these connections (perhaps using holographic heat engines) are outlined. 

While the simplest Feynman diagrams evaluate to multiple polylogarithms, more complicated functions can arise, involving integrals over higher-dimensional manifolds. Surprisingly, all examples of such manifolds in the literature to date are Calabi-Yau. I discuss why this is, and prove that a specific class of "marginal" diagrams give rise to Calabi-Yau manifolds. I demonstrate a bound on the dimensionality of these manifolds with loop order, and present infinite families of diagrams that saturate this bound to all orders.

The minimal Standard Model running of the gauge couplings gives us a hint of a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) at M_U ~ 10^14 GeV — a scale, however, too high to probe directly via collider searches. Fortunately, since the inflationary Hubble scale H can be as high as  5 x 10^13 GeV ~ M_U, such GUT scale states can be cosmologically produced during inflation and contribute to primordial non-Gaussianity (NG).

In this talk, I will explore the possibility of doing on-shell, mass-spin spectroscopy of GUT-states by studying such NG contributions in an extra-dimensional framework of orbifold GUTs. I will identify an interesting regime where the extra dimension is stabilized close to the onset of a horizon and find that the KK gravitons and KK gauge bosons can mediate observable NG providing a direct probe of orbifold GUTs.

Axion-like particles are a broad class of dark matter candidates which are expected to behave as a coherent, classical field with a weak coupling to photons. Research into the detectability of these particles with laser interferometers has recently revealed a number of promising experimental designs. Inspired by these ideas, we propose the Axion Detection with Birefringent Cavities (ADBC) experiment, a new axion interferometry concept using a cavity that exhibits birefringence between its two, linearly-polarized laser eigenmodes. This experimental concept overcomes several limitations of the designs currently in the literature, and can be practically realized in the form of a simple bowtie cavity with tunable mirror angles. Our design thereby increases the sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling over a wide range of axion masses.