Quantum Physics

Solving classical and quantum physics many-body systems are amongst the hardest problems in the natural sciences, but also of fundamental importance for applications such as material and drug design. In this talk, I will give a an overview of fundamental physics problems at multiple time- and lengthscales and describe deep learning methods to address them: 1) solving the quantum-chemical electronic Schrödinger equation with deep variational Monte Carlo, 2) learning to coarse-grain many-body systems, and 3) sampling equilibrium states of classical many-body systems with generative learning.

Connections between 2D gapped quantum phases and the anyon fusion theory have been proven in various ways under different settings. In this work, we introduce a new framework connecting them by only assuming a conjectured form of entanglement area law for 2D gapped systems. We show that one can systematically define topological charges and fusion rules from the area law alone, in a well-defined way. We then derive the fusion rules of charges satisfy all the axioms required in the algebraic theory of anyons. Moreover, even though we make no assumption about the exact value of the constant sub-leading term of the entanglement entropy, this term is shown to be equal to the logarithm of the total quantum dimension of the anyon theory we defined. 

Can a relativistic quantum field theory be consistently described as a theory of localizable particles? There are many well-known obstructions to such a description. Here, we trace exactly how such obstructions arise in the regime between nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory. Perhaps unexpectedly, we find that in the nonrelativistic limit of QFT, there are persisting issues with the localizability of particle states. Related via the Reeh-Schlieder theorem, we also show that the fate of ground state entanglement and the Unruh effect is nontrivial in the nonrelativistic limit.

Weak values are quantities accessed through quantum experiments involving weak measurements and post-selection. It has been shown that ‘anomalous’ weak values (those lying beyond the eigenvalue range of the corresponding operator) defy classical explanation in the sense of requiring contextuality [M. F. Pusey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 200401, arXiv:1409.1535]. We elaborate on and extend that result in several directions. Firstly, the original theorem requires certain perfect correlations that can never be realised in any actual experiment. Hence, we provide new theorems that allow for a noise-robust experimental verification of contextuality from anomalous weak values. Secondly, the original theorem connects the anomaly to contextuality only in the presence of a whole set of extra operational constraints. Here we clarify the debate surrounding anomalous weak values by showing that these conditions are tight -- if any one of them is dropped, the anomaly can be reproduced classically. Thirdly, whereas the original result required the real part of the weak value to be anomalous, we also give a version for any weak value with nonzero imaginary part. Finally, we show that similar results hold if the weak measurement is performed through qubit pointers, rather than the traditional continuous system. All in all, we provide inequalities for witnessing nonclassicality using experimentally realistic measurements of any anomalous weak value, and clarify what ingredients of the quantum experiment must be missing in any classical model that can reproduce the anomaly.

 In the framework of ontological models, the features of quantum

theory that emerge as inherently nonclassical always involve properties that

are fine tuned, i.e.  properties that hold at the operational level but break at the

ontological level (they only hold for fine tuned values of the ontic parameters). Famous

examples of fine tuned properties are noncontextuality and locality. We here

develop a precise theory-independent mathematical framework for characterizing

operational fine tunings. These are distinct from causal fine tunings — already

introduced by Wood and Spekkens — as they do not involve any assumption

on the underlying causal structure. We show how all the already known examples of

operational fine tunings fit into our framework, we discuss possibly new fine tunings

and we use the framework to shed new light on the relation between nonlocality

and generalized contextuality. The framework is set in the language of functors in category

theory and it aims at unifying the spooky properties of quantum theory as well as

accounting for new ones.

Schur-Weyl duality, arising from tensor-power representations of the unitary group, is a big useful hammer in the quantum information toolbox. This is especially the case for problems which have a full unitary invariance, say, estimating the spectrum of a quantum state from a few copies. Many problems in quantum computing have a smaller symmetry group: the Clifford group. This talk will show how to decompose tensor-power Clifford representations through a Schur-Weyl type construction. Our results are also relevant for the theory of Howe duality between symplectic and orthogonal groups.