Scientific Series

Displaying 3529 - 3540 of 5131

Classical and quantum circuit obfuscation with braids

Stephen Jordan National Institute of Standards and Technology
April 08, 2013

PIRSA:13040111
Quantum Physics
2D to 4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles
April 05, 2013

PIRSA:13040031
High Energy Physics
Fundamental Physics with Optically Levitated Dielectric Objects

Asimina Arvanitaki Perimeter Institute
April 04, 2013

PIRSA:13040114
General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
Black holes as probes of fundamental physics

Vitor Cardoso Instituto Superior Tecnico - Departamento de Física
April 03, 2013

PIRSA:13040109
High Energy Physics

Astrophysics
Three-point functions: SFT, integrability, and perturbative calculations.
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040110
High Energy Physics
To Split or Not to Split

Asimina Arvanitaki Perimeter Institute
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040115
High Energy Physics
Shake, Rattle and Explode: Short GRBs and the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources

Edo Berger Harvard University
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040081
Astrophysics

General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
Canonical gravity using unconstrained null initial data

Michael Reisenberger Universidad de la Republica Uruguay
March 28, 2013

PIRSA:13030092
General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
S=1 spin liquid with fermionic excitations

Maksym Serbyn Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
March 28, 2013

PIRSA:13030113
Condensed Matter
Quoins versus Coins

Terry Rudolph Imperial College London
March 27, 2013

PIRSA:13030000
Quantum Physics
The Quantum Steering Ellipsoid

Sania Jevtic Imperial College London
March 26, 2013

PIRSA:13030112
Quantum Physics
Classifying fractionalization: symmetry classification of gapped Z2 spin liquids in two dimensions

Michael Hermele University of Colorado Boulder
March 26, 2013

PIRSA:13030116
Condensed Matter

Classical and quantum circuit obfuscation with braids

Stephen Jordan National Institute of Standards and Technology
April 08, 2013

PIRSA:13040111
Quantum Physics
A circuit obfuscator is an algorithm that translates logic circuits into functionally-equivalent similarly-sized logic circuits that are hard to understand. While ad hoc obfuscators have been implemented, theoretical progress has mainly been limited to no-go results. In this work, we propose a new notion of circuit obfuscation, which we call partial indistinguishability. We then prove that, in contrast to previous definitions of obfuscation, partial indistinguishability obfuscation can be achieved by a polynomial-time algorithm. Specifically, our algorithm re-compiles the given circuit using a gate that satisfies the relations of the braid group, and then reduces to a braid normal form. Variants of our obfuscation algorithm can be applied to both classical and quantum circuits.
2D to 4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles
April 05, 2013

PIRSA:13040031
High Energy Physics
Two-dimensional models provide for a very attractive playground being a theory imitating some of the main features of QCD. Those include the asymptotic freedom, mass gap, confinement, chiral symmetry breaking and others. Furthermore, there is a correspondence between the spectra of four-dimensional SQCD and N=(2,2) CP(N-1) sigma model which was discovered more than a decade ago. This correspondence was explained later when it was found that SQCD supports non-Abelian strings with confined monopoles. The kinks of the two-dimensional theory are the monopoles attached to the strings. Thus, analysis of two-dimensional sigma models gives a deeper insight into the four-dimensional SQCD, in particular, into its strong dynamics.

We study the BPS spectrum of the N=(2,2) CP(N-1) model with the Z_N-symmetric twisted mass terms. We focus on analysis of the "extra'' towers of states found previously and compare them to the states that can be identified in the quasiclassical domain. Exact analysis of the strong-coupling states shows that not all of them survive when passing to the weak-coupling domain. Some of the states decay on the curves of the marginal stability (CMS). Thus, most of the strong coupling states do not exist at weak coupling and cannot be classified quasiclassically. This result lifts to four dimensions. In terms of the four-dimensional theory, the "extra" states are the strong coupling dyons, while the quasiclassical bound states are the bound states of dyons and quarks.
Fundamental Physics with Optically Levitated Dielectric Objects

Asimina Arvanitaki Perimeter Institute
April 04, 2013

PIRSA:13040114
General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
In the past few years, optical cooling and manipulating of macroscopic objects, such as micro-mirrors and cantilevers has developed into an active field of research. In mechanical systems, the oscillator is attached to its suspension, a thermal contact that limits the motion isolation. On the other hand, when these small objects are levitated using the radiation pressure force of lasers, the excellent thermal isolation even at room temperatures helps produce very sensitive force detectors, and eventually quantum transducers for quantum computation purposes. These new techniques may have a variety of applications for fundamental physics such as short distance tests of gravity and gravitational wave detection at high frequencies. In addition, there are several proposals suggesting that optically levitated dielectrics can be cooled to the ground state of the center of mass motion, opening the exciting possibility of creating macroscopic matter-wave interferometers.
Black holes as probes of fundamental physics

Vitor Cardoso Instituto Superior Tecnico - Departamento de Física
April 03, 2013

PIRSA:13040109
High Energy Physics

Astrophysics
Black holes are the elementary particles of gravity, the final state of sufficiently massive stars and of energetic collisions. With a forty-year long history, black hole physics is a fully-blossomed field which promises to embrace several branches of theoretical physics. Here I review the main developments in highly dynamical black holes with an emphasis on high energy black hole collisions and probes of particle physics via superradiance.
Three-point functions: SFT, integrability, and perturbative calculations.
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040110
High Energy Physics
I discuss several recent efforts in relating string field theory calculations of BMN BMN BMN and BMN BMN BPS correlation functions to direct perturbative calculations and integrability-assisted methods. I review the next-to-leading order agreement between strings and perturbation theory in the SO(6) sector, a conjectured extension of the integrability techniques by Escobedo, Gromov, Sever, Vieira from the SU(2) to the full SO(6) sector and agreement with SFT and PT in it at the leading order; finally, I discuss the issue of equating exactly extremal and non-extremal correlators at NLO in the integrability-assisted calculation.
To Split or Not to Split

Asimina Arvanitaki Perimeter Institute
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040115
High Energy Physics
Physics is at a crossroad that leads either to Naturalness or the Multiverse. While the confirmation of gauge coupling unification in the early 90s gave a tremendous boost to naturalness and to low energy SUSY, the lack of evidence for new physics beyond the standard model at the LHC points to a paucity of new particles near the weak scale. This suggests that the weak scale is tuned and that supersymmetry, if present at all, is realized at higher energies. This points to Split SUSY, a framework motivated by the String Landscape. Fine-tuning electroweak symmetry breaking and the renormalization group evolution of the scalar masses constrains Split model building and I review the expectations at the LHC for the different possible Split SUSY particle spectra.
Shake, Rattle and Explode: Short GRBs and the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources

Edo Berger Harvard University
April 02, 2013

PIRSA:13040081
Astrophysics

General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
The bimodality of gamma-ray burst (GRB) durations points to distinct progenitor classes for the long- and short-duration GRBs. While the progenitors of long-duration GRBs are now known to be massive stars, the progenitors of short-duration GRBs remain unidentified. In this talk I will discuss the discovery of short GRB afterglow and their host galaxies, detailed studies of their environments from parsec to galactic scales, and studies of their energetics and beaming. Taken together, these observations point to the coalescence of NS-NS/NS-BH binaries as the most likely progenitors. With the upcoming Advanced LIGO/VIRGO gravitational wave detectors it is therefore possible that short GRBs will be the first detected sources, and I will discuss various approaches to making this connection between gravitational wave and electromagnetic sources.
Canonical gravity using unconstrained null initial data

Michael Reisenberger Universidad de la Republica Uruguay
March 28, 2013

PIRSA:13030092
General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology
S=1 spin liquid with fermionic excitations

Maksym Serbyn Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
March 28, 2013

PIRSA:13030113
Condensed Matter
In the first part of my talk I describe a search for possible quantum spin liquid ground states for spin S=1 Heisenberg models on the triangular lattice which was motivated by recent experiments on Ba3NiSb2O9. We use representation of spin-1 via three flavors of fermionic spinon operators. The ground state where one gapless flavor of spinons with a Fermi surface coexists with d+id topological pairing of the two other flavors can explain available experimental data. Despite the existence of a Fermi surface, this spin liquid state has fully gapped bulk spin excitations. This results in a linear in-temperature specific heat and constant in-plane spin susceptibility, with an unusually high Wilson ratio. Using variational Monte Carlo technique, we show that proposed spin liquid ground state is realized in an SU(3)-invariant model with sufficiently strong ring-exchange terms. In the second part, I consider the physics of the magnetic s=1/2 impurity embedded in a S=1 spin liquid, where all three flavors of spinons have a Fermi surface. The interplay between non-Fermi-liquid behavior induced by a U(1) gauge field coupled to fermions, and a non-Fermi-liquid fixed point in the overscreened Kondo problem is studied using double expansion. The gauge field changes the physical properties of the system at the overscreened Kondo fixed point. Thus, spin-half impurity in such spin liquid can be used to probe the presence of fermionic spinons coupled to the gauge field. References: arXiv:1108.3070, arXiv:1208.3231 and arXiv:1212.5179
Quoins versus Coins

Terry Rudolph Imperial College London
March 27, 2013

PIRSA:13030000
Quantum Physics
Human monkeys are used to thinking about the problem of choosing from a set of objects according to some desired, biased, probability distribution. Just think about how you chose your partner(s). Even when it is easy for you to do such a sampling, it can be difficult to do a quantum sampling (Q-Sampling) of the same distribution. By Q-Sampling I mean the creation of a coherent superposition of states of such objects whose amplitudes are the (square roots of) of the specified distribution. In this talk I will discuss what we do know about this problem, why it is interesting, and will discuss how it can let us achieve tasks with quantum information that are provably impossible classically.
The Quantum Steering Ellipsoid

Sania Jevtic Imperial College London
March 26, 2013

PIRSA:13030112
Quantum Physics
A quantum steering ellipsoid may be used to faithfully represent a density matrix ? describing two qubits A and B. The ellipsoid is the geometric set of states that Bob can steer Alice's qubit to when he implements all possible measurements on his qubit. We show how the correlations between qubits A and B manifest themselves in this paradigm, giving simple conditions for when the state is entangled, or has discord. We will also present novel features of the two qubit state that are revealed by the steering ellipsoid formalism, and show that a state corresponding to an ellipsoid with non-zero volume contains a new type of correlation.
Classifying fractionalization: symmetry classification of gapped Z2 spin liquids in two dimensions

Michael Hermele University of Colorado Boulder
March 26, 2013

PIRSA:13030116
Condensed Matter
Quantum number fractionalization is a remarkable property of topologically ordered states of matter, such as fractional quantum Hall liquids, and quantum spin liquids. For a given type of topological order, there are generally many ways to fractionalize the quantum numbers of a given symmetry. What does it mean to have different types of fractionalization? Are different types of fractionalization a universal property that can be used to distinguish phases of matter? In this talk, I will answer these questions, focusing on a simple class of topologically ordered phases, namely two-dimensional gapped Z2 spin liquids, and I will present a symmetry classification of these phases. I will also discuss efforts in progress to find microscopic models realizing different symmetry classes.

Title	Speaker(s)	Date	Talk Type	Info link
Classical and quantum circuit obfuscation with braids	Stephen Jordan	2013-04-08	Scientific Series	View details
2D to 4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles		2013-04-05	Scientific Series	View details
Fundamental Physics with Optically Levitated Dielectric Objects	Asimina Arvanitaki	2013-04-04	Scientific Series	View details
Black holes as probes of fundamental physics	Vitor Cardoso	2013-04-03	Scientific Series	View details
Three-point functions: SFT, integrability, and perturbative calculations.		2013-04-02	Scientific Series	View details
To Split or Not to Split	Asimina Arvanitaki	2013-04-02	Scientific Series	View details
Shake, Rattle and Explode: Short GRBs and the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources	Edo Berger	2013-04-02	Scientific Series	View details
Canonical gravity using unconstrained null initial data	Michael Reisenberger	2013-03-28	Scientific Series	View details
S=1 spin liquid with fermionic excitations	Maksym Serbyn	2013-03-28	Scientific Series	View details
Quoins versus Coins	Terry Rudolph	2013-03-27	Scientific Series	View details
The Quantum Steering Ellipsoid	Sania Jevtic	2013-03-26	Scientific Series	View details
Classifying fractionalization: symmetry classification of gapped Z2 spin liquids in two dimensions	Michael Hermele	2013-03-26	Scientific Series	View details

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Classical and quantum circuit obfuscation with braids

2D to 4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles

Fundamental Physics with Optically Levitated Dielectric Objects

Black holes as probes of fundamental physics

Three-point functions: SFT, integrability, and perturbative calculations.

To Split or Not to Split

Shake, Rattle and Explode: Short GRBs and the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources

Canonical gravity using unconstrained null initial data

S=1 spin liquid with fermionic excitations

Quoins versus Coins

The Quantum Steering Ellipsoid

Classifying fractionalization: symmetry classification of gapped Z2 spin liquids in two dimensions

Classical and quantum circuit obfuscation with braids

2D to 4D Correspondence: Towers of Kinks versus Towers of Monopoles

Fundamental Physics with Optically Levitated Dielectric Objects

Black holes as probes of fundamental physics

Three-point functions: SFT, integrability, and perturbative calculations.

To Split or Not to Split

Shake, Rattle and Explode: Short GRBs and the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Sources

Canonical gravity using unconstrained null initial data

S=1 spin liquid with fermionic excitations

Quoins versus Coins

The Quantum Steering Ellipsoid

Classifying fractionalization: symmetry classification of gapped Z2 spin liquids in two dimensions