Conference

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Summary

Derek Jackson Kimball California State University, East Bay

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060037
Atomic magnetometers for precision measurements

Mike Romalis Princeton University

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060034
Nuclear spin precession of noble gases in ultra low magnetic fields

Lutz Trahms Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060033
Optical magnetometry - From basics to Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic physics
- Nathan Leefer University of California, Berkeley
- Szymon Pustelny University of California, Berkeley
June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060032
Free Discussion

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060031
Search for new physics in atoms: cosmic PNC and variation of alpha

Vladimir Dzuba University of New South Wales (UNSW)

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060030
Ultra-light hidden photons

Jeremy Mardon California Institute of Technology

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060029
Axion-induced effects and topological defect dark matter detection schemes

Yevgeny Stadnik University of New South Wales (UNSW)

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060028
Astrophysical and cosmological aspects of feebly-interacting light species

Josef Pradler University of Vienna

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060027
Cosmological Constraints on Ultra-light Axions

David Marsh King's College London

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060026
Axions: Past, Present and Future

Surjeet Rajendran Stanford University

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060025
Inflationary Gravitational Waves: Recent Developments and Next Steps

Marc Kamionkowski Johns Hopkins University - Department of Physics & Astronomy

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060024

Summary

Derek Jackson Kimball California State University, East Bay

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060037
Atomic magnetometers for precision measurements

Mike Romalis Princeton University

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060034

Atomic magnetometers have a long history in tests of Standard Model since they provide sensitive constraints on new spin interactions. I will review recent progress in magnetometry using electron and nuclear spins, describe some of the limits set on new physics and discuss ideas for future experiments.
Nuclear spin precession of noble gases in ultra low magnetic fields

Lutz Trahms Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060033

In the low energy re¬gime, precision measurements of spin precession have gained increased attention as an alternative pathway to physics beyond the standard model. These measurements aim at the detection of minute frequency changes superimposed on low Larmor frequencies at extremely weak magnetic fields. Such measurements require an effective shielding against the magnetic field of the Earth and other perturbations. For measuring the precession frequency with high precision, a long lifetime of the precessing nuclear magnetization is required, thus the homogeneity of the applied field is a crucial parameter. In addition, criteria are needed that unambiguously distinguish magnetic artifacts from the non-magnetic exotic interactions that we search for. This can be accomplished by the concept of co-magnetometry, i.e., by simultaneous measuring the precession of two nuclear species such as 3He and 129Xe. Yet another kind of co-magnetometry is the use of SQUIDs for monitoring the spin precession. SQUIDs are magnetic field detectors of their own kind, which can measure the oscillating magnetic field generated by the precessing nuclear magnetic moment as well as the magnetic dc background field. In this presentation, I will report on the current state of the art in our lab in measurements of nuclear spin precession of noble gases.
Optical magnetometry - From basics to Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic physics
- Nathan Leefer University of California, Berkeley
- Szymon Pustelny University of California, Berkeley
June 19, 2014

PIRSA:14060032

In our talk we seek to present a broad overview of the field of optical magnetometers, starting from basic principles to fundamental limitations to the variety of applications in which they have already found use. We will end with a report on the development of a new worldwide network of synchronized magnetometers that can be used to search for a variety of new physical phenomena (many of which are discussed at this conference!).
Free Discussion

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060031
Search for new physics in atoms: cosmic PNC and variation of alpha

Vladimir Dzuba University of New South Wales (UNSW)

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060030

We consider pseudo-scalar and pseudo-vector interaction of atomic electrons with hypothetical dark matter particles (e.g., axions). These interactions lead to oscillating atomic parity non-conserving (PNC) amplitudes and/or oscillating electric dipole moments (EDM). In static
limit for PNC, existing atomic PNC experiments can be used to constrain time component of the pseudo-vector field.

Possible variation of fundamental constants is suggested by theories unifying gravity with other interactions. Evidence of the space/time variation of the fine structure constant alpha is found in
the quasar absorption spectra. Optical transitions in highly charged ions can be used as sensitive tools for studying time variation of alpha in laboratory.
Ultra-light hidden photons

Jeremy Mardon California Institute of Technology

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060029
Axion-induced effects and topological defect dark matter detection schemes

Yevgeny Stadnik University of New South Wales (UNSW)

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060028

We discuss new observable effects of axionic dark matter in atoms, molecules and nuclei. We show that the interaction of an axion field, or in general a pseudoscalar field, with the axial-vector current generated by an electron through a derivative-type coupling can give rise to a time-dependent mixing of opposite-parity states in atomic and molecular systems. Likewise, the analogous interaction of an axion field with the axial-vector current generated by a nucleon can give rise to time-dependent mixing of opposite-parity states in nuclear systems. This mixing can induce oscillating electric dipole moments, oscillating parity nonconservation effects and oscillating anapole moments in such systems. By adjusting the energy separation between the opposite-parity states of interest to match the axion mass energy, axion-induced experimental observables can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude. Oscillating atomic electric dipole moments can also be generated by axions through hadronic mechanisms, namely the P,T-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction and through the axion-induced electric dipole moments of valence nucleons, which comprise the nuclei. The axion field is modified by Earth’s gravitational field. The interaction of the spin of either an electron or nucleon with this modified axion field leads to axion-induced observable effects. These effects, which are of the form g • σ, differ from the axion-wind effect, which has the form pa • σ.

We also propose schemes for the detection of topological defect dark matter using pulsars and other luminous extraterrestrial systems via non-gravitational signatures. The dark matter field, which makes up a defect, may interact with standard model particles, including quarks and the photon, resulting in the alteration of their masses. When a topological defect passes through a pulsar, its mass, radius and internal structure may be altered, resulting in a pulsar `quake'. A topological defect may also function as a cosmic dielectric material with a frequency-dependent index of refraction, which would give rise to the time delay of a periodic extraterrestrial light or radio signal, and the dispersion of a light or radio source in a similar manner to an optical lens. The biggest advantage of such astrophysical observations over recently proposed terrestrial detection methods is the much higher probability of a defect been found in the vast volumes of outer space compared with one passing through Earth itself.

References: (1) Phys. Rev. D 89, 043522 (2014).
(2) arXiv:1404.2723.
(3) arXiv:1405.5337.
Astrophysical and cosmological aspects of feebly-interacting light species

Josef Pradler University of Vienna

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060027

More often than not, astrophysical probes are superior to direct laboratory tests when considering light, very weekly interacting particles and it takes clever strategies and/or ultra-pure experimental setups for direct tests to be competitive. In this talk, I will review the astrophysical side of the story with a particular focus on dark photons and axion-like particles. I will also present some recent results on the emission process of dark photons with mass below 10 keV from the interior of stars. Compared to previous analyses, limits on dark photons are significantly improved, to the extent that many dedicated experimental searches find themselves inside astrophysically excluded regions. However, constraints on the atomic ionization rate from a solar flux imposed by Dark Matter experiments offer a new test of such states, surpassing even the most stringent astrophysical limits. The model also serves as a prototype scenario for energy injection in the early Universe and I will show how cosmology offers unique sensitivity when laboratory probes are out of reach. Time permitting, I may also briefly comment on very light axions and their cosmology.
Cosmological Constraints on Ultra-light Axions

David Marsh King's College London

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060026

Ultra-light axions (ULAs) with masses in the range 1e-33 eV< m < 1e-18 eV can constitute a novel component of the dark matter, which can be constrained by cosmological observations. ULA dark matter (DM) is produced non-thermally via vacuum realignment in the early universe and is cold. Pressure perturbations, however, manifest a scale in the clustering (also the de Broglie scale). For the range of masses considered this spans the Hubble scale down to sub-galactic scales. In the model-independent adiabatic mode of initial conditions, one can gain strong constraints on ULAs as DM from the CMB and large scale structure (LSS). I will present constraints from Planck and WiggleZ, constraining m~1e-33 eV to 1e-25 eV at the percent level. In the range m\gtrsim 1e-22 eV ULAs may also solve the "small-scale problems" of CDM, and suggest other constraints from LSS and high-z observations, constraining m\lesssim 1e-22 eV to be sub-dominant in DM. Future prospects from CMB lensing, and from Euclid galaxy weak lensing, will make sub-percent constraints out to m~1e-21 eV. Model-dependent couplings between axions and photons provide still other bounds from CMB spectral distortions. Finally, if the inflationary energy scale is high, corresponding to an observable tensor-to-scalar ratio, then CMB isocurvature perturbations provide the strongest constraints on m>1e-24 eV, ruling out ULA dark matter in the simplest inflationary scenarios over the entire range considered, as well as the "anthropic window" for the QCD axion.
Axions: Past, Present and Future

Surjeet Rajendran Stanford University

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060025

I will review the theoretical motivations for axion and axion-like-particles. I will then discuss bounds on such particles and highlight ways to experimentally probe them.
Inflationary Gravitational Waves: Recent Developments and Next Steps

Marc Kamionkowski Johns Hopkins University - Department of Physics & Astronomy

June 18, 2014

PIRSA:14060024

The recently reported evidence for the cosmic microwave background signature of inflationary gravitational waves is very tantalizing. I will discuss how the measurement is done, the evidence presented by BICEP2, the interpretation, and some of the criticisms of the arguments presented by BICEP2 that the signal is not dust-dominated. I will then review next steps to be taken with future CMB experiments and with galaxy surveys.

Title	Speaker(s)	Date	Talk Type	Info link
Summary	Derek Jackson Kimball	2014-06-19	Conference	View details
Atomic magnetometers for precision measurements	Mike Romalis	2014-06-19	Conference	View details
Nuclear spin precession of noble gases in ultra low magnetic fields	Lutz Trahms	2014-06-19	Conference	View details
Optical magnetometry - From basics to Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic physics	Nathan Leefer, Szymon Pustelny	2014-06-19	Conference	View details
Free Discussion		2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Search for new physics in atoms: cosmic PNC and variation of alpha	Vladimir Dzuba	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Ultra-light hidden photons	Jeremy Mardon	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Axion-induced effects and topological defect dark matter detection schemes	Yevgeny Stadnik	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Astrophysical and cosmological aspects of feebly-interacting light species	Josef Pradler	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Cosmological Constraints on Ultra-light Axions	David Marsh	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Axions: Past, Present and Future	Surjeet Rajendran	2014-06-18	Conference	View details
Inflationary Gravitational Waves: Recent Developments and Next Steps	Marc Kamionkowski	2014-06-18	Conference	View details

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Format results

Summary

Atomic magnetometers for precision measurements

Nuclear spin precession of noble gases in ultra low magnetic fields

Optical magnetometry - From basics to Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic physics

Free Discussion

Search for new physics in atoms: cosmic PNC and variation of alpha

Ultra-light hidden photons

Axion-induced effects and topological defect dark matter detection schemes

Astrophysical and cosmological aspects of feebly-interacting light species

Cosmological Constraints on Ultra-light Axions

Axions: Past, Present and Future

Inflationary Gravitational Waves: Recent Developments and Next Steps

Summary

Atomic magnetometers for precision measurements

Nuclear spin precession of noble gases in ultra low magnetic fields

Optical magnetometry - From basics to Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic physics

Free Discussion

Search for new physics in atoms: cosmic PNC and variation of alpha

Ultra-light hidden photons

Axion-induced effects and topological defect dark matter detection schemes

Astrophysical and cosmological aspects of feebly-interacting light species

Cosmological Constraints on Ultra-light Axions

Axions: Past, Present and Future

Inflationary Gravitational Waves: Recent Developments and Next Steps