High Energy Physics

In this talk, we develop a systematic framework for understanding symmetries in topological phases in \(2+1\) dimensions using the string-net model, encompassing both gauge symmetries that preserve anyon types and global symmetries permuting anyon types, including both invertible symmetries describable by groups and noninvertible symmetries described by categories. As an archetypal example, we reveal the first noninvertible categorical gauge symmetry of topological orders in \(2+1\) dimensions: the Fibonacci gauge symmetry of the doubled Fibonacci topological order, described by the Fibonacci fusion \(2\)-category. Our approach involves two steps: first, establishing duality between different string-net models with Morita equivalent input UFCs that describe the same topological order; and second, constructing symmetry transformations within the same string-net model when the dual models have isomorphic input UFCs, achieved by composing duality maps with isomorphisms of degrees of freedom between the dual models.

Gravitational waves were detected in 2015 after 100 years of their prediction. Coalescence of black holes and neutron stars have been studied giving birth to a new way of studying our Universe. The coincidence of the gravitational signal with a gamma ray burst has been identified as the beginning of multi-messenger astronomy. In order to move from the limited statistics, allowed by the actually running interferometers (LIGO and VIRGO), to a huge sample a new generation of detectors has to be designed , built and operated. Einstein Telescope is the project for a third generation detector, supported by a large European collaboration. It is going to be formed by a combination of a Low Frequency Cryogenic interferometer and an High Frequency high laser power interferometer both located underground in order to minimise the noise. Laser technology, seismic noise attenuation, quantim squeezing are a few of the keys to success. The experiment is going to produce results in several field of research like astronomy, astrophysics, nuclear physics, cosmology. It is going to be in competition and cooperation with the US project Cosmic Explorer.

In this talk, I will discuss how one can use the gravitational path integral to compute the supersymmetric index of black holes as well as other black objects in string theory. The saddles that I shall describe admit a non-zero temperature, consequently lacking an infinitely long AdS throat that separates the horizon from the asymptotic region, and also admit periodic boundary conditions for fermionic fields around the thermal circle, consequently counting bosonic and fermionic states with an opposite sign. Since the microscopic calculation of these indices is oftentimes well understood yet the saddles that I shall describe now lack the conventional decoupling limit taken in AdS/CFT, our analysis represents a first step towards understanding holography for supersymmetric observables in flat space.

There is more matter than antimatter in the universe. This asymmetry requires three conditions: 1- Baryon (or lepton) number violation, 2- C and CP violation and 3- out-of-thermal equilibrium conditions in the early universe, before BBN. Although the SM does not have any out-of-equilibrium process, it does provide baryon number violation and CP violation. Still, it is commonly accepted that the SM CP violation is not enough for producing the observed baryon asymmetry. I will present one new physics model in which the SM CP violation, that is measured in the B meson system, is in fact enough to generate the baryon asymmetry.