High Energy Physics

In this talk I will discuss the most singular point and T^2 compactifications of a 6d N=(1,0) supersymmetric conformal field theory (SCFT) which arises as the worldvolume theory on coincident N of M5 branes probing the singular locus of the ALE orbifold. When N=1, the compactified theory can be describe by a class S theory of three punctured sphere. Generalization to multiple M5s case results in a pair of 4d N=2 SCFTs which are connected by a IR free gauge multiplet. Along the line, we see that the “dynamical version" of class S simple puncture plays a role. Closing one of two flavor groups, we can isolate one of them with manifest SL(2,Z) invariance of T^2 and a non-abelian flavor group, including presumably new N=2 SCFTs.

 I  will first analytically show a simple, yet subtle "invariance" of two-body decay kinematics for the case of a massless  daughter and a mother particle which is unpolarized and has a *generic* boost distribution in the laboratory frame. Namely, the laboratory frame energy distribution of the massless decay product has a peak, whose location is identical to the  (fixed) energy of that particle in the rest frame of the corresponding mother particle. In turn, this value of the energy is a simple function of the other masses involved in the decay.
As a proof of principle of the usefulness of this observation, I will then apply it for measuring  the mass of the top quark at the LHC, using simulated data (including experimental  effects). In fact, CMS collaboration (in CMS-PAS-TOP-15-002) has recently implemented our method for measuring the top quark mass! Finally, I will show how it can be used to measure all the superpartner masses in a cascade decay chain of the gluino.

We derive the constitutive relations of first order charged hydrodynamics for theories with Lifshitz scaling and broken parity in 2+1 and 3+1 spacetime dimensions. In addition to the anomalous (in 3+1) or Hall (in 2+1) transport of relativistic hydrodynamics, there is an additional non-dissipative transport allowed by the absence of boost invariance. We analyze the non-relativistic limit and use a phenomenological model of a strange metal

to argue that these effects can be measured in principle by using electromagnetic fields with non-zero gradients.

I will discuss the Higgs-branch CFT2 dual to string theory on AdS3 x S3 x T4. States localised near the small instanton singularity can be described in terms of vector multiplet variables.  This theory has a planar, weak-coupling limit, in which anomalous dimensions of single-trace composite operators can be calculated. At one loop, the calculation reduces to finding the spectrum of a spin chain with nearest-neighbour interactions. This CFT2 spin chain matches precisely the one that was previously found as the weak-coupling limit of the integrable system describing the AdS3 side of the duality.  In particual I will show that the one-loop dilatation operator in a non-trivial compact subsector corresponds to an integrable spin-chain Hamiltonian. This provides the first direct evidence of integrability on the CFT2 side of the correspondence.

 

Twin Higgs theories attempt to solve the little hierarchy problem - why has the LHC not yet observed new states stabilising the EW scale? - by introducing a SM-neutral twin sector, related to the SM by an approximate Z_2 symmetry. The physical Higgs is then a PNGB mixture from both sectors, and acts as a portal between them. In this talk, I will discuss the cosmology of minimal (“fraternal”) Twin Higgs models. Higgs portal interactions establish thermal equilibrium between the SM and twin sector at high temperatures, giving a thermal history with possibilities for both symmetric dark matter (through a “twin WIMP miracle”), and asymmetric dark matter (from twin QCD states which naturally have GeV-scale masses). More generally, relic abundances of cosmologically stable states place constraints on the parameters of the theory, and twin sector phase transitions need to be considered.

String theory is starting to provide novel all-loop precision tools for the computation of scattering amplitudes in the high energy (HE) limit of N=4 SYM theory. After a review of some key insights and results for hexagon amplitudes, I will describe ongoing developments addressing higher numbers of external gluons.

I will discuss how to classify (up to discrete identifications) all rigid 4D N=2 supersymmetric backgrounds in both Lorentzian and Euclidean signatures that preserve eight real supercharges. These include backgrounds such as warped S_3×R, warped AdS_3×R, and AdS_2×S^2, as well as some more exotic geometries. I will also address how to construct all supersymmetric two-derivative actions involving hypermultiplets and vector multiplets in these backgrounds.

I will discuss the appeal of pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pGBs) for the generation of scales in Early Universe cosmology. In particular, I will demonstrate how in Goldstone Inflation a pGB inflaton can solve the hierarchy problem of inflation (the tension between the Lyth bound and the inflationary scale as preferred by CMB anisotropies), while avoiding the problems with trans-Planckian scales that are typically associated with related models. A simple model based on the coset SU(4)/Sp(4) realises both the Higgs doublet and an inflaton singlet as Goldstone modes. A single setup can then give rise to Goldstone Inflation and the dynamical generation of the electroweak scale through a composite Higgs, thus also addressing the EW hierarchy problem. I will discuss perturbative reheating in this model, and show how it naturally connects to both EW physics and a UV completion. If time permits I will address our current studies on non-perturbative reheating and the possibility of electroweak baryogenesis in this setup. 

The continued lack of definitive signals at direct detection experiments places many models of weakly interacting dark matter into tension. Direct detection is naturally suppressed in models where the dark matter co-annihilates with another particle in the early universe.  The cosmology, direct detection, and LHC signals of such models can often be well understood by considering only the most relevant low-energy degrees of freedom.  We draw lessons for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.

A new analysis of electron-proton scattering data (those published in 2010 by the Mainz A1 collaboration and previous world compilations) to determine the proton electric and magnetic radii is presented. The analysis enforces model-independent constraints of form factor analyticity and investigates a wide range of possible systematic effects. Employing standard models for radiative corrections, our improved analysis yields proton electric radii for the Mainz and world data sets that are consistent, although a simple combination yields a value r_E = 0.904(15) fm that is 4-sigma larger than the CREMA muonic hydrogen determination. Remaining possible deficiencies are discussed that, if addressed, could reconcile the values from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy and ep-scattering.