High Energy Physics

One of the leading hypotheses for dark matter is that it consists of bosonic particles with masses below the eV scale, such as axions, moduli and dark photons. Unlike spin-0 particles, spin-1 particles do not have a misalignment mechanism to produce the desired abundance of dark matter, and population of light dark photon dark matter has been an open question in cosmology. I will present a novel mechanism to produce light spin-1 dark matter in cosmology. The dark matter energy density is initially stored in an axion-like field which is misaligned from its minimum during inflation. This energy density is efficiently transferred to dark photons using tachyonic particle production. This mechanism opens up extensive parameter space for dark photon dark matter.

Statistical evidence has previously suggested that the Galactic Center GeV Excess (GCE) originates largely from point sources, and not from annihilating dark matter. In this talk, I will discuss the impact of unmodeled source populations on identifying the true origin of the GCE. In a proof-of-principle example with simulated data, I will demonstrate that unmodeled sources in the Fermi Bubbles can lead to a dark matter signal being misattributed to point sources. Furthermore, I will show there is striking behavior consistent with a mismodeling effect in the real Fermi data, finding that large artificial injected dark matter signals are completely misattributed to point sources. Consequently, I will conclude that dark matter may provide a dominant contribution to the GCE after all, and discuss future directions.

Atomic hydrogen gas clouds originating from the Galactic Center offer a novel way to test dark matter phenomenology. By exploiting the inefficient gas cooling rates at low temperatures, bounds for various interactions between dark and baryonic matter can be set. We demonstrate this new method and present limits for a number of dark matter models including ultra-light dark photons and super-heavy candidates.

New physics in the neutrino sector might be necessary to address anomalies between different neutrino oscillation experiments. Intriguingly, it also offers a possible solution to the discrepant cosmological measurements of H_0. 
We show here that delaying the onset of neutrino free-streaming until close to the epoch of matter-radiation equality can naturally accommodate a larger value for the Hubble constant, while not degrading the fit to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) damping tail. We achieve this by introducing neutrino self-interactions in the presence of a non-vanishing sum of neutrino masses. This "strongly interacting" neutrino cosmology prefers a 3+1 neutrino scenario, which has interesting implications for particle model-building and neutrino oscillation anomalies. Due to their impact on the evolution of the gravitational potential at early times, self-interacting neutrinos and their subsequent decoupling leave a tell-tale structure on the matter power spectrum. 
Our analysis shows that it is possible to find radically different cosmological models that nonetheless provide excellent fits to the data, hence providing an impetus to thoroughly explore alternate cosmological scenarios.

Wilson loops are important observables in gauge theory. In this talk, we study half-BPS Wilson loops of a large class of five dimensional supersymmetric quiver gauge theories with 8 supercharges. The Wilson loops are codimension 4 defects of the quiver gauge theory, and their interaction with self-dual instantons is captured by a 1d ADHM quantum mechanics. We compute the partition function as its Witten index. It turns out that we can understand the 5d physics in 3d gauge theory terms. This comes about from so-called gauge/vortex duality; namely, we study the vortices on the Higgs branch of the 5d theory, and reinterpret the physics from the point of view of the vortices. This perspective has an advantage: it has a dual description in terms of "deformed" Toda Theory on a cylinder, in the Coulomb gas formalism. We show that the gauge theory partition function is equal to a (chiral) correlator of the deformed Toda Theory, with stress tensor and higher spin operator insertions. We derive all the above results from type IIB string theory, compactified on a resolved ADE singularity X times a cylinder with punctures. The 5d quiver gauge theory arises as the low energy limit of a system of D5 branes wrapping various two-cycles of X, the Wilson loops are D1 branes, and the duality to Toda theory emerges after introducing additional D3 branes.

Black hole (more generally, horizon) thermodynamics is a window into quantum gravity. Can horizon thermodynamics---and ultimately quantum gravity---be quasi-localized? A special case is the static patch of de Sitter spacetime, known since the work of Gibbons and Hawking to admit a thermodynamic equilibrium interpretation. It turns out this interpretation requires that a negative temperature is assigned to the state. I'll discuss this example, and its generalization to all causal diamonds in maximally symmetric spacetimes. This story includes a Smarr formula and first law of causal diamonds, analogous to those of black hole mechanics. I’ll connect this first law to the statement that generalized entropy in a small diamond is maximized in the vacuum at fixed volume.

The n-point correlation functions (n>2) of primordial fluctuations, known as primordial non-Gaussianities, encode rich information about the physical degrees of freedom and their interactions at inflation scale, and can be viewed as signals from a cosmological collider with huge energy. In this talk we introduce recent theoretical attempts to extract new physics at the inflation scale from primordial non-Gaussianities, including possible discovery channels, the background signals from the standard model, and signals from new physics such as heavy neutrinos, and a possible way to turn inflation into a Higgs collider.

This talk is about a new type of string theory with a non-relativistic conformal field theory on the world-sheet, as well as a non-relativistic target space geometry. Starting with the relativistic Polyakov action with a fixed momentum along a non-compact null-isometry, we can take a scaling limit that gives the non-relativistic string, including an interesting intermediate step. This can in particular be applied to a string on AdS5 x S5. In this case the scaling limit realizes a limit of AdS/CFT that on the field theory side gives a quantum mechanical theory known as Spin Matrix theory. We review that Spin Matrix theory is a finite-N version of nearest neighbor spin chains, from which one can find a long-wavelength semi-classical description using sigma-model such as the Landau-Lifshitz sigma-model. Hence, we can show that both sides of the AdS/CFT gives, in this limit, equivalent non-relativistic sigma-models that we are able to write down in a fully covariant manner, and show that it has a non-relativistic local symmetry that realizes the Galilean Conformal Algebra (GCA). This suggests that one has a holographic duality between the quantum mechanical theory of Spin Matrix theory, and the non-relativistic string. This could provide a more tractable holographic duality in which one can study the emergence of non-relativistic strings, geometry and gravity.