New Vacuum and Representation For Loop Quantum Gravity
Bianca Dittrich Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
PIRSA:14050119
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Black holes and Boyle's Law --- the thermodynamics of Einstein's greatest mistake
Brian Dolan National University of Ireland
Quench dynamics in interacting and disordered field theories in one-dimension
Aditi Mitra New York University (NYU)
PIRSA:14050087From locally covariant QFT to quantum gravity
Katarzyna Rejzner University of York
TBA
Antonello Scardicchio The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
PIRSA:14050084Gravity waves from Kerr/CFT
Achilleas Porfyriadis Harvard University
Can Eigenstate Thermalization Breakdown without Disorder?
Matthew Fisher University of California, Santa Barbara
PIRSA:14050083
New Vacuum and Representation For Loop Quantum Gravity
Bianca Dittrich Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
PIRSA:14050119Local quanta, unitary inequivalence, and vacuum entanglement
In this work we develop a formalism for describing localised quanta for a real-valued Klein-Gordon field in a one-dimensional box [0, R]. We quantise the field using non-stationary local modes which, at some arbitrarily chosen initial time, are completely localised within the left or the right side of the box. In this concrete set-up we directly face the problems inherent to a notion of local field excitations, usually thought of as elementary particles. Specifically, by computing the Bogoliubov coefficients relating local and standard (global) quantizations, we show that the local quantisation yields a Fock space F^L which is unitarily inequivalent to the standard one F^G. In spite of this, we find that the local creators and annihilators remain well defined in the global Fock space F^G, and so do the local number operators associated to the left and right partitions of the box. We end up with a useful mathematical toolbox to analyse and characterise local features of quantum states in F^G . Specifically, an analysis of the global vacuum state |0_G> ∈ F^G in terms of local number operators shows, as expected, the existence of entanglement between the left and right regions of the box. The local vacuum |0_L> ∈ F^L , on the contrary, has a very different character. It is neither cyclic nor separating and displays no entanglement. Further analysis shows that the global vacuum also exhibits a distribution of local excitations reminiscent, in some respects, of a thermal bath. We discuss how the mathematical tools developed herein may open new ways for the analysis of fundamental problems in local quantum field theory.Designing exotic circuitry with non-Abelian anyons
Non-Abelian anyons are widely sought for the exotic fundamental physics they harbor as well as for their possible applications for quantum information processing. Currently, there are numerous blueprints for stabilizing the simplest type of non-Abelian anyon, a Majorana zero energy mode bound to a vortex or a domain wall. One such candidate system, a so-called "Majorana wire" can be made by judiciously interfacing readily available materials; the experimental evidence for the viability of this approach is presently emerging.
Following this idea, we introduce a device fabricated from conventional fractional quantum Hall states, s-wave superconductors and insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling. Similarly to a Majorana wire, the ends of our “quantum wire” would bind "parafermions", exotic non-Abelian anyons which can be viewed as fractionalised Majorana zero modes.
I will discuss their properties and describe how such parafermions can be used to construct new and potentially useful circuit elements which include current and voltage mirrors, transistors for fractional charge currents and "flux capacitors".M-strings and their orbifolds
Babak Haghighat Harvard University
We consider M-theory in the presence of M parallel M5-branes probing a transverse A_{N-1} singularity. This leads to a superconformal theory with (1,0) supersymmetry in six dimensions. We compute the supersymmetric partition function of this theory on a two-torus, with arbitrary supersymmetry preserving twists, using the topological vertex formalism. Alternatively, we show that this can also be obtained by computing the elliptic genus of an orbifold of recently studied M-strings. The resulting 2d theory is a (4,0) supersymmetric quiver gauge theory whose Higgs branch corresponds to strings propagating on the moduli space of SU(N)^(M-1) instantons on R^4 where the right-moving fermions are coupled to a particular bundle.Black holes and Boyle's Law --- the thermodynamics of Einstein's greatest mistake
Brian Dolan National University of Ireland
The thermodynamics of black holes will be reviewed and recent developments incorporating pressure into the first law described. The asymptotically AdS Kerr metric has a van der Waals type critical point with a line of first order phase transitions terminating at a critical point with mean field exponents. The phase structure and stability of black holes in higher dimensions will also be described.(Lea Santos) General Features of the Relaxation Dynamics of Isolated Interacting Quantum Systems
PIRSA:14050088We consider isolated interacting quantum systems that are taken out of equilibrium instantaneously (quenched). We study numerically and analytically the probability of finding the initial state later on in time (the so-called fidelity or Loschmidt echo), the relaxation time of the system, and the evolution of few-body observables. The fidelity decays fastest for systems described by full random matrices, where simultaneous many-body interactions are implied. In the realm of realistic systems with two-body interactions, the dynamics is slower and dependent on the energy of the initial state. The fastest fidelity decay in this case is Gaussian and can persist until saturation. The fidelity also plays a central role in the short-time dynamics of few-body observables that commute with the system Hamiltonian before the quench. Our analyses are mainly developed for initial states that can be prepared in experiments with cold atoms in optical lattices.Quench dynamics in interacting and disordered field theories in one-dimension
Aditi Mitra New York University (NYU)
PIRSA:14050087I will present results for the quench dynamics of one-dimensional interacting bosons under two circumstances. One is when the bosons are in the vicinity of the superfluid-Mott quantum critical point, while the second is when the bosons are in a disordered potential which can drive the system into a Bose glass phase. I will show that the dynamics following a quench can be quite complex by being characterized by three regimes. One is a short time perturbatively accessible regime which depends on microscopic parameters, the second is an intermediate time prethermalized regime where inelastic effects are weak and correlation functions can show universal scaling behavior which is quantified by a nonequilibrium generalization of the Callan-Symanzik equations. The third is a long time regime where inelastic effects become important. For the dynamics in the inelastic regime I will construct a novel quantum kinetic equation that accounts for multi-particle scattering between bosons, and discuss how the combined effect of interactions and (weak) disorder can thermalize the system.(Robert Konik) Glimmers of a Quantum KAM Theorem: Insights from Quantum Quenches in One Dimensional Bose Gases
PIRSA:14050086We consider quantum quenches in one dimensional Bose gases where we prepare the gas in the ground state of a parabolic trap and then release it into a small cosine potential. This cosine potential breaks the integrability of the 1D gas which absent the potential is described by the Lieb-Liniger model. We explore the consequences of this cosine potential on the thermalization of the gas. We argue that the integrability breaking of the cosine does not immediately lead to ergodicity inasmuch as we demonstrate that there are residual quasi-conserved quantities post-quench. We demonstrate that the quality of this quasi-conservation can be made arbitrarily good.From locally covariant QFT to quantum gravity
Katarzyna Rejzner University of York
Locally covariant quantum field theory (LCQFT) has proven to be a very successful framework for QFT on curved spacetimes. It is natural to ask, how far these ideas can be generalized and if one can learn something about quantum gravity, using LCQFT methods. In particular, one can use the relative Cauchy evolution to formulate the notion of background independence. Recently we have proven that background independence in this sense holds for effective quantum gravity, formulated as a perturbative QFT. Remarkably, the formalism of LCQFT can be extended to structures more general than spacetimes. The essential feature is the presence of the causal structure. An example application would be QFT on causal sets (work in progress).TBA
Antonello Scardicchio The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
PIRSA:14050084Gravity waves from Kerr/CFT
Achilleas Porfyriadis Harvard University
Astronomical observation suggests the existence of near-extreme Kerr black holes whose horizons spin at nearly the speed of light. Properties of diffeomorphisms imply that the dynamics of the high-redshift near-horizon region of near-extreme Kerr, which includes the innermost-stable-circular-orbit (ISCO), is governed by an infinite-dimensional emergent conformal symmetry. This symmetry may be exploited to analytically, rather than numerically, compute a variety of potentially observable processes. In this talk I will show how we compute and study the conformal transformation properties of the gravitational radiation emitted by an orbiting massive object in the large-redshift near-horizon region. I will also use conformal symmetry of the near-horizon region to compute the gravitational radiation produced during the plunge phase following the object's crossing of the ISCO.Can Eigenstate Thermalization Breakdown without Disorder?
Matthew Fisher University of California, Santa Barbara
PIRSA:14050083We describe a new diagnostic for many-body wavefunctions which generalizes the spatial bipartite entanglement entropy. By was of illustration, for a two-component wavefunction of heavy and light particles, a partial (projective) measurement of the coordinates of the heavy (but not light) particles is first performed, and then the entanglement entropy of the projected wavefunction for the light particles is computed. If the two-component wavefunction has a volume law entanglement entropy, yet the post measurement wavefunction of the light particles is disentangled with an area law entanglement, we refer to the original wavefunction as a “Quantum Disentangled State”. This diagnostic can be generalized to include other partial measurements, such as measuring the charge, but not spin, for finite-energy density eigenstates of Fermion Hubbard-type model. Quantum disentanglement results if the post measurement spin-wavefunction has an area law entanglement entropy. Recent numerics searching for such Quantum Disentangled States in 1d Hubbard-type models will be discussed in detail.