Talks

In July 2018 the Planck Collaboration released its final set of cosmology results. I will discuss some of the  interesting new science that remains to be done with the CMB, including some not so often discussed topics such as the kinetic SZ effect and 21cm cross-correlations.

A 3d N=4 gauge theory admits two topological twists, which we'll simply call A and B. The two twists are exchanged by 3d mirror symmetry. It is known that local operators in the A (resp. B) twist include the Coulomb-branch (resp. Higgs-branch) chiral rings.  In this talk I will discuss the *line* operators preserved by the two twists, which in each case should have the structure of a braided tensor category.

Roughly speaking, one finds vortex lines in the A-twist and Wilson lines in the B-twist. I will propose a geometric identification of the corresponding categories, and explain how geometric calculations can be used to find the vector spaces of local operators at junctions of lines.

Combined with 3d mirror symmetry, this will lead to new dualities of braided tensor categories. [Joint work with N. Garner, M. Geracie, and J. Hilburn.]

Classical Monte Carlo methods for the XY model (Lauren's Lecture Notes)

We implement projective quantum Monte Carlo (PQMC) methods to simulate quantum annealing on classical computers. We show that in the regime where the systematic errors are well controlled, PQMC algorithms are capable of simulating the imaginary-time dynamics of the Schroedinger equation both on continuous space models and discrete basis systems. We also demonstrate that the tunneling time of the PQMC method is quadratically faster than the one of incoherent quantum annealing. It shows remarkable stability when applied to frustrated systems compared to finite-temperature path integral Monte Carlo algorithm, the method mostly chosen to do comparisons with quantum annealers. However, a major drawback of the PQMC method comes from the finite number of random walkers needed
to implement the simulations. It grows exponentially with the system size when no or poor guiding wave-functions are utilized. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that when good enough guiding wave-functions are used – in our case we choose artificial neural networks – the computational complexity seems to go from exponential to polynomial in the system size. We advocate for a search of more efficient guiding wave functions since they could determine when PQMC simulations are feasible on classical computers, a question closely related to a provable need or speed-up of a quantum computer.

References:
- E. M. Inack and S. Pilati, Phys. Rev. E 92, 053304 (2015)
- E. M. Inack, G. Giudici, T. Parolini, G. Santoro and S. Pilati, Phys. Rev. A 97, 032307 (2018)
- E. M. Inack, G. Santoro, L. Dell’Anna, and S. Pilati, arXiv:1809.03562v1

Among the many candidates proposed to explain the nature of Dark Matter, WIMPs have been the most supported in the last decades, because of their success in a natural explanation of the current Dark Matter abundance and their ubiquitous presence in models addressing the hierarchy problem.
Other candidates that have been attracting some attention recently are Primordial Black Holes, which would have formed in the early history of the universe.
In my talk I will touch on both frameworks for the explanation of Dark Matter.
As for WIMP candidates, I will discuss the interplay between their experimental searches and theoretical frameworks. On the side of Effective Field Theories, I propose a method to use them consistently for the recast of collider searches. On the side of simplified models, in the presence of apparent gauge anomalies at low energies I highlight the enhanced reach of indirect searches.
In the last part I will illustrate a model for the generation of PBHs relying on a feature already present in the Standard Model, the metastability of the Higgs vacuum. Another signature of this remarkable property of the SM could be the generation of a background of gravitational waves.
The observation of either of these signatures would represent a spectacular confirmation of the metastability of the Higgs vacuum.

Universality, real-space renormalization for the vortex gas (Lauren's Lecture Notes)

Jocelyn Bell Burnell, winner of the 2018 Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, is an accomplished scientist and champion for women in physics. As a graduate student in 1967, she co-discovered pulsars, a breakthrough widely considered one of the most important scientific advances of the 20th century. When the discovery of pulsars was recognized with the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, the award went to her graduate advisor. Undaunted, she persevered and became one of the most prominent researchers in her field and an advocate for women and other under-represented groups in physics.

She plans to use the $3 million Breakthrough Prize to fund women and other under-represented groups pursuing physics to bring greater diversity to the field.

We  find an  approximation of  the induced spatial distance on a Cauchy hypersurface using only the causal structure and local volume element. The approximation can be made arbitrarily precise for a globally hyperbolic spacetime with compact Cauchy hypersurfaces. This prescription has a discrete analog which we use to evaluate the induced spatial distance in a continuum-like causal set.  As expected, because of  discrete asymptotic silence, this gives a poor approximation to the continuum distance in the "UV".  For larger distances, on the other hand, the approximation works very well, as long as the discreteness scale is significantly smaller than the extrinsic and intrinsic curvature scale of the spatial hypersurface. This paves the way for obtaining detailed spatial geometric information from the causal structure, which has implications for the continuum approximation of causal set theory.