Talks

The conservation law for the total (orbital plus spin) angular momentum of a Dirac particle in the presence of gravity requires that spacetime is not only curved, but also has a nonzero torsion. The coupling between the spin and torsion in the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity generates gravitational repulsion at extremely high densities, which prevents a singularity in a black hole and may create there a new, closed, baby universe undergoing one or more nonsingular bounces. We show that quantum particle production caused by an extremely high curvature near a bounce creates enormous amounts of matter and can generate a finite period of inflation. Our scenario has only one parameter, does not depend significantly on the initial conditions, does not involve hypothetical scalar fields, avoids eternal inflation, and predicts plateau-like inflation that is supported by the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. This scenario suggests that our Universe may have originated from a nonsingular bounce in a black hole existing in another universe.

Von Neuman entropy. Classical data compression. Shannon's source coding theorem. Quantum data compression and Schumacher compression. Shannon's channel compression theorem. Mutual information.

Strong gravitational lenses with measured time delays between the multiple images can be used to determine the Hubble-Lemaitre constant (H0) that sets the expansion rate of the Universe. An independent determination of H0 is important to ascertain the possible need of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model, given the tension in current H0 measurements. A program initiated to measure H0 to <3.5% in precision from strongly lensed quasars is in progress, and I will present the latest results and their implications. Search is underway to find new lenses in imaging surveys. An exciting discovery of the first strongly lensed supernova offered a rare opportunity to perform a true blind test of our modeling techniques. I will outline a new research program on lensed supernovae, showing their bright prospects as a competitive and unique probe of cosmology and stellar physics.

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) describes the low-energy physics of electromagnetically conducting plasmas. In the conventional formulation of MHD, one introduces dynamical electromagnetic fields on top of the usual hydrodynamic setup by hand. In this talk, we will explore an alternate effective view of MHD purely based on symmetries, as a "string fluid" of magnetic field lines, without any assumption about the underlying microscopic field content. We will argue that MHD is described by a novel theory of superfluidity with a partially broken one-form symmetry. We will also discuss the implications of this broken symmetry for constructing hydrostatic partition functions describing MHD. The talk is based on [arXiv:1808.01939, arXiv:1811.04913].