Talks

In this work, we propose a systematic method to obtain the effective field theory of the quantum dissipative systems which nonlinearly realize symmetries. We focus on the high temperature or Brownian limit, in which the effective action of the dissipative dynamics is localized in time. We first introduce a microscopic model at the linear response level, which shows how the dissipative dynamics on Lie group emerges effectively through the reduced dynamics of a system interacting with a thermal bath. The model gives a systematic method to give the Langevin equation which is covariant with respect to the symmetries of the system. In addition, the model shows a systematic way to go beyond the Gaussian white noise and the interaction between the noise and dissipation. Then, using the dynamical KMS symmetry, without any reference to the microscopic structure of the bath, we obtain the most general effective action of the nonlinearly realized dissipative dynamics at high temperature. The universal dissipative coefficients are larger than the case of the linear response approximation. Then, we focus on the case of Ohmic friction where the corresponding dissipative coefficients are more restricted; we suggest an alternative model, the bulk model, to describe any Ohmic dissipative system at high temperature. The Bulk model provides a geometrical picture for the noise in the case of Ohmic friction.

This talk will be based on SciPost Phys. 17, 021 (2024). Defects are common in physical systems with boundaries, impurities or extensive measurements. The interaction between bulk and defect can lead to rich physical phenomena. Defects in gapless phases of matter with conformal symmetry usually flow to a defect conformal field theory (dCFT). Understanding the universal properties of dCFTs is a challenging task. In this talk, we propose a computational strategy applicable to a line defect in arbitrary dimensions. Our main assumption is that the defect has a UV description in terms of a local modification of the Hamiltonian so that we can compute the overlap between low-energy eigenstates of a system with or without the defect insertion. We argue that these overlaps contain a wealth of conformal data, including the $g$-function, which is an RG monotonic quantity that distinguishes different dCFTs, the scaling dimensions of defect creation operators $\Delta^{+0}_\alpha$ and changing operators $\Delta^{+-}_\alpha$ that live on the intersection of different types of line defects, and various OPE coefficients. We apply this method to the fuzzy sphere regularization of 3D CFTs and study the magnetic line defect of the 3D Ising CFT. Using exact diagonalization and DMRG, we report the non-perturbative results $g=0.602(2),\Delta^{+0}_0=0.108(5)$ and $\Delta^{+-}_0=0.84(5)$ for the first time. We also obtain other OPE coefficients and scaling dimensions. Our results have significant physical implications. For example, they constrain the possible occurrence of spontaneous symmetry breaking at line defects of the 3D Ising CFT. Our method can be potentially applied to various other dCFTs, such as plane defects and Wilson lines in gauge theories.

The dynamics of closed quantum systems undergoing unitary processes has been well studied, leading to notions of measures for the expressive power of parameterized quantum circuits, relative to the unique, maximally expressive, average behaviour of ensembles of unitaries. Such unitary expressivity measures have further been linked to concentration phenomena known as barren plateaus. However, existing quantum hardware are not isolated from their noisy environment, and such non-unitary dynamics must therefore be described by more general trace-preserving operations. To account for hardware noise, we propose several, non-unique measures of expressivity for quantum channels and study their properties, highlighting how average non-unitary channels differ from average unitary channels. In the limit of large composite system and environments, average noisy quantum channels are shown to be maximally globally depolarizing, with next-leading-order non-unital perturbative behaviour. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that highly-expressive parameterized quantum channels will suffer from barren plateaus, thus generalizing explanations of noise-induced phenomena. This work is based on forthcoming work with Diego Martin, Zoe Holmes, and Marco Cerezo, in affiliation with Los Alamos National Laboratory.

We present a study of the relationship between energy and entanglement in finite regions of possibly arbitrary shape in QFT. We show how one can quantify the entanglement avoiding divergences by using techniques inspired by the formalism of particle detectors in relativistic quantum information. We also show how the energy cost of entanglement extraction varies with the shape and size of the regions, as well as analyze the energy density of the quantum field after this entanglement has been extracted.