Talks

Diffeomorphism symmetry is the underlying symmetry of general relativity and deeply intertwined with its dynamics. The notion of diffeomorphism symmetry is however obscured in discrete gravity, which underlies most of the current quantum gravity models. We will propose a notion of diffeomorphism symmetry in discrete models and find that such a symmetry is weakly broken in many models. This is connected to the problem of finding a consistent canonical dynamics for discrete gravity. Finally we will discuss methods to construct models with exact symmetries and elaborate on the connection between diffeomorphism symmetry and triangulation independence.

The hot, gaseous atmospheres of galaxies and clusters of galaxies are repositories for the energy output from accreting, supermassive black holes located in the nuclei of galaxies. X-ray observations show that star formation fueled by gas condensing out of hot atmospheres is strongly suppressed by feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN). This mechanism may solve several outstanding problems in astrophysics, including the numbers of luminous galaxies and their colors, and the excess number of hot baryons in the Universe. The most energetic AGN outbursts may be powered by rapidly-spinning, ultra-massive black holes.

Stellar evolution from a protostar to neutron star is of one of the best studied subjects in modern astrophysics. Yet, it appears that there is still a lot to learn about the extreme conditions where the fundamental particle physics meets strong gravity regime. After all of the thermonuclear fuel is spent, and after the supernova explosion, but before the remaining mass crosses its own Schwarzschild radius, the temperature of the central core of the star might become higher than the electroweak symmetry restoration temperature. The source of energy, which can at least temporarily balance gravity, are baryon number violating instanton processes which are basically unsuppressed at temperatures above the electroweak scale. We constructed a solution to the Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation which describes such a star. The energy release rate is enormous at the core, but gravitational redshift and the enhanced neutrino interaction cross section at these densities make the energy release rate moderate at the surface of the star. The lifetime of this new quasi-equilibrium can be more than ten million years, which is long enough to represent a new stage in the evolution of a star.