High Energy Physics

Dynamical fixed points are late-time attractors of interactive QFTs that differ from thermal equilibria by a constant entropy production rate. We use holographic framework to analyze such fixed points of strongly coupled gauge theories, driven by homogeneous and isotropic expansion of the background metric - equivalently, a late-time dynamics of a corresponding QFT in Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Universe. As an application, we discuss gravitational reheating of quark-gluon plasma in the exit from the early-cosmology inflation.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96385064629?pwd=NTZrdUdtbW0rZkxPdFZ3ZnZRUzhjZz09

I will discuss a novel search for axions using spectropolarimetric observations of magnetic white dwarfs (MWDs). Photons produced as thermal radiation at the MWD surface may convert into an axion as they traverse the magnetosphere, but only the component polarized parallel to the MWD magnetic field. Therefore the MWD radiation at Earth is linearly polarized perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. I detail the analysis of archival linear polarization spectra of a few nearby MWDs that excludes the axion interpretation of the TeV gamma-ray transparency anomalies. I briefly discuss the sensitivity of ongoing and future searches using dedicated data at the Lick Observatory.

Zoom Link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97657182582?pwd=ZlFYWWtoYXhQZUtnOUxsZFpqMUo1Zz09

Scattering amplitudes are where quantum field theory directly meets collider experiments.  An excellent model for scattering in QCD is provided by N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory, particularly in the planar limit of a large number of colors, where the theory becomes integrable.  The first nontrivial amplitude in this theory is for 6 gluons.  It can be computed to 7 loops using a bootstrap based on the rigidity of the function space of multiple polylogarithms, together with a few other conditions.  One can also bootstrap a particular form factor, for the chiral stress-tensor operator to produce 3 gluons, through 8 loops.  This form factor is the N=4 analog of the LHC process, gluon gluon --> Higgs + gluon. Remarkably, the two sets of results are related by a mysterious `antipodal' duality, which exchanges the role of branch cuts and derivatives.  Furthermore, this duality is `explained' by an antipodal self-duality of the 4 gluon form factor of the same operator; although it is still fair to say of the self-duality, `who ordered that?'

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/96265005656?pwd=Qndza3pIKzdmZVJGL0s1ZUZkRmp4QT09

Precision measurements of primordial correlators in the CMB, Large Scale Structure, and 21-cm cosmology may contain “on-shell" imprints of extremely heavy particle physics, with masses comparable to the inflationary Hubble scale, via the remarkable inflationary mechanism known as “cosmological collider physics”. I will describe my research in (a) finding new robust mechanisms for extending the energy range and strength of such signals, (b) identifying motivated particle physics targets that may be discoverable, (c) showing how cosmological collider physics can probe the mechanism of inflation itself, and (d) demonstrating variants of the mechanism that may be observable in new cosmological “maps”, such as stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds with significant anisotropies. While this is an ambitious program of research, there are major challenges to bring it to fruition, on the experimental, phenomenological and theoretical fronts, which I will sketch. 

Zoom Link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/98923687484?pwd=cjgweEhoejVCeHAvc0RBSDEvVkZldz09

In massless QED, we find that the classical U(1) axial symmetry is not completely broken by the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly. Rather, it is resurrected as a generalized global symmetry labeled by the rational numbers. Intuitively, this new global symmetry in QED is a composition of the naive axial rotation and a fractional quantum Hall state. The conserved symmetry operators do not obey a group multiplication law, but a non-invertible fusion algebra. We further generalize our construction to QCD, and show that the neutral pion decay can be derived from a matching condition of the non-invertible global symmetry. Finally, we find a non-invertible Gauss law in axion-Maxwell theory.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/93832561140?pwd=czFFSkVvYS9RbXRjOTJPQVFhL2hGZz09

Every time researchers have pushed the energy boundary in particle physics we have found something new about our Universe. Recently, IceCube has demonstrated that Neutrino Telescopes can use neutrinos from the cosmos as excellent tools to continue this exploration. The true potential of this field, however, remains to be realized due to limited observations of neutrinos at the highest energies. To unlock this potential, advanced detectors are needed that will push the forefront of the cosmic frontier, revealing new knowledge of extreme astrophysical phenomena, including through multi-messenger follow-up programs, and testing fundamental physics at scales well beyond those reachable by Earth-bound accelerators. The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a proposed initiative to construct one of the largest neutrino telescopes deep in the northern Pacific Ocean off the coast of British Columbia. To overcome the challenges of a deep-sea installation, we have deployed two pathfinder mooring lines STRAW and STRAW-b in 2018 and 2020. These provide continuous monitoring of optical water properties at a potential detector site in the Pacific. In this talk I will cover results from these pathfinders and discuss the status of P-ONE. 

Zoom Link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/91718716984?pwd=Wm00anU4UjFWd0tKYVZ0TVZ6aVMrZz09

In holography, the quantum extremal surface formula relates the entropy of a boundary state to the sum of two terms: the area term and the entropy of bulk fields inside the entanglement wedge. As the bulk effective field theory suffers from UV divergences, the second term must be regularized. It has been conjectured since the work of Susskind and Uglum that the renormalization of Newton’s constant in the area term exactly cancels the difference between different choices of regularization for bulk entropy. In this talk, I will explain how the recent developments on von Neumann algebras appearing in the large N limit of holography allow to prove this claim within the framework of holographic quantum error correction, and to reinterpret it as an instance of the ER=EPR paradigm. This talk is based on the paper arXiv:2302.01938.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/97435154387?pwd=OHYrRW9uSW5VeHRFUld1dmtVbmJiZz09

I will use the S-matrix Bootstrap to carve out the space of unitary, crossing symmetric, and supersymmetric graviton scattering amplitudes in nine, ten, and eleven dimensions. I will introduce a novel extension of positivity for massless particles beyond the forward limit called “positivity in the sky” that significantly improves the convergence of the bootstrap algorithm.

I will show the bounds on the first leading correction to maximal supergravity, study the physics of the extremal amplitudes and compare them with the available nonperturbative String and M-theory results.

Zoom link:  https://pitp.zoom.us/j/99182927406?pwd=bWxIazFvUzhVQkpBdWluZURIM21wUT09