Astrophysics

Single field inflation with derivative interactions provides a class of scenarios with interesting theoretical and observational properties. I will discuss properties of correlation functions in generic single field models and the implications of those relationships for inflationary observables, as well as for eternal inflation

We investigate the feasibility of explosive particle production via parametric resonance or tachyonic preheating in multi-field inflationary models by means of lattice simulations. We observe a strong suppression of resonances in the presence of four-leg interactions between the inflaton fields and a scalar matter field, leading to insufficient preheating when more than two inflatons couple to the same matter field. This suppression is caused by a dephasing of the inflatons that increases the effective mass of the matter field. Including three-leg interactions leads to tachyonic preheating, which is not suppressed by an increase in the number of fields. If four-leg interactions are sub-dominant, we observe a slight enhancement of tachyonic preheating. Thus, in order for preheating after multi-field inflation to be efficient, one needs to ensure that three-leg interactions are present. If no tachyonic contributions exist, we expect the old theory of reheating to be applicable.

Modifications of the initial-state of the inflaton field can induce a departure from Gaussianity and leave a testable imprint on the higher order correlations of the CMB and large scale structures in the Universe. I will discuss general vacuum state modifications in the case of a canonical single-field action, after adding a dimension 8 higher order derivative term, and DBI models of inflation. Observed bounds on local and equilateral non-Gaussianities, even though they correspond to template shapes that are far from optimal, can lead to constraints that are already competing to those derived from the power spectrum alone, due to enhancement effects. We emphasize that the construction and application of especially adapted templates could lead to significant improvements in the CMB bispectrum constraints on modified initial states.

A modified version of PQCD considered in previous works is further investigated in the case of a vanishing gluon condensate, by retaining only the quark one. In this case the Green functions generating functional is expressed in a simple form in which Dirac’s delta functions are now absent from the free propagators. The new expansion implements the dimensional transmutation effect through a single interaction vertex in addition to the standard ones in mass less QCD. The results of an ongoing two loop evaluation of the vacuum energy will be presented. The potential is parameterized as a function of the quark mass (defined by the pole of the first corrections to the quark propagator), the assumed finite zero momentum limit of the coupling constant g and the dimensional regularization parameter. The first condensate dependent corrections to the gluon and quark self-energies and propagators are evaluated. Assuming the possibility of fixing a minimum of the potential at the experimental value of the top quark mass =173 GeV, we evaluate the pole of the simplest correction to the propagator of the composite operator describing the quark condensate. Then, alter adopting the idea from the former top condensate models, in which the Higgs field corresponds to the quark condensate, the obtained pole gave a first rough estimate for the Higgs mass =168.2 GeV. Although being inside of the recently experimentally excluded region: 160-170 GeV, this mass value has the chance of being modified by a better approximation being currently considered for the gluon propagator entering its evaluation.

Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) experiments such as the South Pole Telescope (SPT) are currently surveying a large area of sky searching for clusters via their imprint on the CMB. In order to use the resulting cluster catalogues for cosmology, it is necessary to know the mass- and redshift-dependent cluster selection function. I will describe ongoing work to understand and characterize the current SPT cluster yield, using synthetic SZ sky maps constructed from cosmological simulations and noise models calibrated against SPT data.

The APEX Sunyaev Zel'dovich experiment will be described and its performance since first light in 2006 summarized. Recent results will be presented together with plans for future observations/analysis.