Talks

Analyzing characteristics of an unknown quantum system in a device-independent manner, i.e., using only the measurement statistics, is a fundamental task in quantum physics and quantum information theory. For example, device-independence is a very important feature in the study of quantum cryptography where the quantum devices may not be trusted. In this talk, I will discuss the ability to characterize the state that Alice and Bob share in various physical scenarios using only the correlation data. I first give a lower bound on the dimension of the underlying Hilbert spaces required by Alice and Bob to generate a given correlation in the Bell scenario. Also, I give two properties that the Schmidt coefficients of their shared state must satisfy. I’ll provide examples showing that our results can be tight, and examine when the shared pure state is characterized completely. Lastly, I will discuss these ideas in the Prepare-and-Measure scenario. 

This is joint work with Antonios Varvitsiotis and Zhaohui Wei. 

References: 

Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 060401, 

Phys. Rev. A, to appear. (ArXiv:1606.03878), 

ArXiv:1609.01030. 

3d N=4 theories on the sphere have interesting supersymmetric sectors described by 1d QFTs and defined as the cohomology of a certain supercharge. One can define such a 1d sector for the Higgs branch or for the Coulomb branch. We study the Higgs branch case, meaning that the 1d QFT captures exact correlation functions of the Higgs branch operators of the 3d theory. The OPE of the 1d theory gives a star-product on the Higgs branch which encodes the data of these correlation functions. When the 3d theory is superconformal, the 1d theory is topological and coincides with the known construction in flat space, where the topological 1d theory lives in the cohomology of Q+S. Our construction thus generalizes it away from the conformal point. We then focus on theories constructed from vector and hypermultiplets. Using supersymmetric localization, we explicitly describe their 1d sector as the gauged topological quantum mechanics, or equivalently a gaussian theory coupled to a matrix model. This provides a very simple technique to compute the Higgs branch correlators.

Integral values of zeta functions are important not only for what they say about other values of their respective functions, but also for what they say about transcendence degree questions for appropriate extensions of the rationals or other number fields.  They  also appear in some recent computations relevant to particle physics.
In this talk we will give a quick introduction to the theory of periods and motives, relate said theory to special values of zeta functions, and discuss a graphical definition of the associated category of motives.
Any original work discussed in this talk is joint with Susama Agarwala.

The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model exhibits conformal invariance and a maximal Lyapunov exponent in the large-N and low temperature limit, and thus belongs to the same universality class as a two-dimensional anti-de Sitter black hole. Poles corresponding to a tower of operators that are bilinear in the microscopic Majorana fermions can be found in the four-point function of the fermions. We propose a renormalization theory for UV perturbations to the model, and derive an effective action for the soft mode of the model that results from integrating out the lowest resonance and which is dominant in the IR. We show that a two-dimensional dilaton theory with a quadratic term precisely reproduces this effective action on its boundary.

A geometric approach to investigation of quantum entanglement is advocated.
We discuss first the geometry of the (N^2-1)--dimensional convex body
of  mixed quantum states acting  on an N--dimensional Hilbert space
and study projections of this set into 2- and 3-dimensional spaces.
For composed dimensions, N=K^2, one consideres the subset
of separable states and shows that it has a positive measure.
Analyzing its properties contributes to our understanding of
quantum entanglement and its time evolution.

We discuss recent work showing that in type A_n the category of equivariant perverse coherent sheaves on the affine Grassmannian categorifies the cluster algebra associated to the BPS quiver of pure N=2 gauge theory. Physically, this can be understood as a statement about line operators in this theory, following ideas of Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke, Costello, and Kapustin-Saulina -- in short, coherent IC sheaves are the precise algebro-geometric counterparts of Wilson-'t Hooft line operators. The proof relies on techniques developed by Kang-Kashiwara-Kim-Oh in the setting of KLR algebras. A key moral is that the appearance of cluster structures is in large part forced by the compatibility between chiral and tensor structures on the category in question (i.e. by formal features of holomorphic-topological field theory). This is joint work with Sabin Cautis.

In this talk, I would introduce spontaneous nematicity in the background of fractional quantum Hall fluids where symmetry breaking phenomenon intertwined with topological phase of matter. The resulting nematic FQH state is characterized by an order parameter that represents these quadrupolar fluctuations, which play the role of fluctuations of the local geometry of the quantum fluid. We demonstrate that the low-energy effective theory of the nematic order parameter has z=2 dynamical scaling exponent, due to a Berry phase term of the order parameter, which is related to the nondissipative Hall viscosity. By investigating the spectrum of collective excitations, we demonstrate that the mass gap of the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman mode collapses at the isotropic-nematic quantum phase transition. An interesting feature of the nematic phase is that it has topological defects carrying nontrivial braiding statistics and fractional charge inherited from the topological fluid nature. In addition, I would also mention the decorated nodal line condensation in pair density wave SC, where the topological phase emerges concurrently with symmetry recovery by decorated defect condensation.

In recent years, precise cosmological measurements have provided strong evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model, occurring both in the very early universe and also today.  In the near future, large-scale galaxy surveys will open another window on many different areas of physics, including tests of gravity, probes of dark energy, and cosmic inflation.  However, interpreting galaxy surveys presents new challenges, because galaxies are sensitive to astrophysics that are unimportant for the cosmic microwave background.  I will discuss how galaxies may be used to study cosmology, and will argue that the messy astrophysics in galaxies actually offers entirely new probes of fundamental physics.  I will illustrate this with 3 examples, related to inflation, neutrino masses, and the properties of dark matter.

To describe observed phenomena in the lab and to apply superposition principle to gravity, quantum theory needs to be generalized to incorporate indefinite causal structure. Practically, indefinite causal structure offers advantage in communication and computation. Fundamentally, superposing causal structure is one approach to quantize gravity (spacetime metric is equivalent to causal structure plus conformal factor, so quantizing causal structure effectively quantizes gravity). 

We develop a framework to do Operational Probabilistic Theories (OPT) with indefinite causal structure. For the interest of quantum gravity, this framework gives a general prescription to quantize causal structure, assuming linearity is intact. For the interest of quantum foundations, this framework can support new experimental tests about the validity of quantum theory in complex Hilbert space. It also offers opportunities for constructing new OPT models to substitute ordinary quantum theory. Along this direction, we identify principles that single out the complex Hilbert space theory within the general framework.

We will study the entanglement structure of states in Chern-Simons (CS) theory defined on n-copies of a torus. We will focus on states created by performing the path-integral of CS theory on special 3-manifolds, namely link complements of n-component links in S^3. The corresponding entanglement entropies provide new framing independent link-invariants. In U(1)_k CS theory, we will give a general formula for the entanglement entropy across a bi-partition of a generic n-link into sub-links. In the non-Abelian case, we study various interesting 2 & 3-links including the Whitehead link & Borromean rings, both of which have non-trivial entanglement entropies. 

In this talk, we explore the possibility of gravitational wave production due to ultra-relativistic bubble wall collisions. This occurs due to a process of post-inflationary vacuum decay that takes place via quantum tunnelling within a warped throat (of Randall-Sundrum type). We emphasise the differences between vacuum decay via quantum tunnelling, and a thermal first order phase transition, and how potential gravitational wave signals from both processes differ. We explore a specific example in the context of type IIB string theory, although we argue that our conclusions are more generally applicable to theories with hidden sectors featuring metastable vacua. Many such transitions could have occurred in the post-inflationary Universe, as a large number of throats with exponentially different IR scales can be present in the string landscape, potentially leading to several signals of widely different frequencies – a soundscape connected to the landscape of vacua. Future detectors like LISA will have the required sensitivity to detect these potential signals.