High Energy Physics

We investigate a simple theory where Baryon number (B) and Lepton number (L) are local gauge symmetries. In this theory B and L are on the same footing and the anomalies are cancelled by adding a single new fermionic generation. There is an interesting realization of the seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses. Furthermore there is a natural suppression of flavour violation in the quark and leptonic sectors since the gauge symmetries and particle content forbid tree level flavor changing neutral currents involving the quarks or charged leptons. Also one finds that the stability of a dark matter candidate is an automatic consequence of the gauge symmetry. Some constraints and signals at the Large Hadron Collider are briefly discussed.

Two of the most exciting observables in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which could deeply impact our picture of the early universe, are non-Gaussianity and tensor modes. A potential detection of tensor modes can be explained in terms of a model of large field inflation. Theoretical considerations suggest that a symmetry should be invoked in order to protect the flatness of the inflaton potential and hence an axion enjoying a shift symmetry is a natural candidate. As main example, I will present a model of inflation in string theory based on axion monodromy. Non-perturbative effects typically correct the axion potential leading to small sinusoidal modulations on top of an otherwise flat slow roll potential. It can be shown analytically that a resonance between the oscillations of the background and the oscillations of the curvature fluctuations is responsible for the production of an observably large non-Gaussian signal. An explicit expression for the shape of this resonant non-Gaussianity will be presented. There is essentially no overlap between this shape and the local, equilateral, and orthogonal shapes, and in fact resonant non-Gaussianity is not captured by the simplest version of the effective field theory of inflation. Hopefully the analytic expression for resonant non-Gaussianity will be useful to further observationally constrain this class of models.

I will review the progress made in our understanding of the QCD phase diagram within an RG approach to QCD and effective QCD models. In particular this includes a discussion of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition/cross-over, the chiral phase transition/cross-over, as well as their interrelation.

F-theory based vacua provide a potentially promising starting point for realizing Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) in string theory. In minimal realizations of this framework based on a point of E8 unification, this turns out to be quite constraining, and leads to specific expectations for the form of supersymmetry breaking. We discuss how the parameters of the F-theory GUT determine the sparticle spectrum, and possible signatures at the LHC.

We show that when a volume of quark matter rotates, there is an axial current flowing along the rotation axis. This effect has been overlooked in all previous treatments of relativistic fluids until calculations using gauge/gravity duality indicate it existence. The effect is a manifestation of triangle anomalies, and may exhibit itself in heavy ion collisions with nonzero impact parameter.

Viscosity is a very old concept which was introduced to physics by Navier in the 19th century. However, in strongly coupled systems, the viscosity is usually difficult to compute. In this talk I will describe how gauge/gravity duality, a by-product of string theory, allows one to compute the viscosity for a class of strongly interacting fluids not too dissimilar to the quark gluon plasma. I will also describe efforts to measure the viscosity and other physical properties of the quark gluon plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

We describe a class of non-Fermi liquid systems, using the AdS/CFT correspondence. The Fermi surfaces are studied by computing the response functions of fermionic operators. The scaling behavior near the Fermi surfaces is determined by conformal dimensions in an emergent IR CFT. The low-energy excitations near the Fermi momenta are not Landau quasiparticles. When the operator is marginal in the IR CFT, the full spectral function is precisely of the `marginal Fermi liquid' form, introduced as a phenomenological model of the `strange metal' phase of high temperature superconductors.

The sneutrino is a viable NLSP candidate in SUSY with gravitino LSP. In my talk I will focus on this possibility, in particular concentrating on the question of whether the LHC can distinguish spectra with a sneutrino NLSP from alternatives, e.g. ones with neutralino LSP. I will show that there are at least two different families of experimentally allowed spectra with sneutrino NLSP which exhibit distinctive multilepton signals. These spectra are not easy to fake within the MSSM. I will discuss these signals in detail and illustrate our analysis approach on simulations.

Final states involving hadronic jets are an important background to new physics processes in colliders, as well as a probe of QCD over a large range of energies. Because the physics of jets involves multiple energy scales, they are both complex theoretically and ideally suited to study using effective field theory techniques. In this talk I will discuss some recent progress in using effective field theory to describe the physics of jets.

It is usually assumed that dark matter direct detection is sensitive to a large fraction of the dark matter (DM) velocity distribution. I will explain an alternative form of dark matter-nucleus scattering which only probes a narrow range of DM velocities due to the existence of a resonance, a DM-nucleus bound state, in the scattering - resonant dark matter (rDM). The scattering cross section becomes highly element dependent, has increased modulation and as a result can explain the DAMA/LIBRA results whilst not being in conflict with other direct detection experiments. I will describe a simple model that realizes the dynamics of rDM, where the DM is the neutral component of a fermionic weak triplet whose charged partners differ in mass by approximately 10 MeV.

The simplest gravity duals for quantum critical theories with 'Lifshitz' scale invariance admit a marginally relevant deformation. We will explore the holographic renormalization of such theories, including this deformation. Additionally we explore how this holographic renormalization illuminates the physics of black holes in the qunatum critical regime.

When a pair of particles is produced close to threshold, they may form a bound state if the potential between them is attractive. Can we use such bound states to obtain information about new colored particles at the LHC? I will discuss the relevant issues using examples from the MSSM and other beyond the standard model scenarios.