High Energy Physics

I will review recent progress in computing the exact planar spectrum of closed strings in
AdS3 backgrounds with 8+8 supercharges, including the derivation of the protected spectrum.
Such theories have a multi-dimensional moduli space, and I will show what effect varying
the moduli has on the exact closed string spectrum, and how the integrable structure changes
as we do so, paying particular attention to the background supported by NS-NS flux.

Ultralight bosons exist in various proposed extensions to the Standard Model, which can form condensates around rapidly rotating black holes through a process called superradiance. These boson clouds have many interesting observational consequences, such as the continuous emission of monochromatic gravitational waves.  In this talk, I will describe the dynamics of the system when it is part of a binary black hole. I will show that the presence of a binary companion greatly enriches the evolution of the boson clouds, most remarkably through the existence of resonant transitions between growing and decaying modes of the clouds. Finally, I will sketch some phenomenological consequences, both for the gravitational waves emitted by the clouds and the finite-size effects imprinted in the waveforms of the binary signal.

String theory provides us with 8d supersymmetric gauge theories with gauge algebras su(N), so(2N), sp(N), e_6, e_7 and e_8, but no construction for so(2N+1), f_4 and g_2 is known. If string theory is universal in 8 dimensions, this pattern requires explanation. I will show that the theories for f_4 and so(2N+1) have a global gauge anomaly in flat space, while g_2 does not have it. Surprisingly, we also find that the sp(N) theories, arising from example from O7^+ planes in string theory, have a subtler gauge anomaly. This subtler anomaly, in contrast to the one in flat space, could in principle be canceled by a topological analogue of the Green-Schwarz mechanism. I will discuss one simple example of such a generalized anomaly cancellation mechanism in three dimensions, and then explain why the generalized Green-Schwarz term required in 8 dimensions to make the O7^+ consistent is necessarily a more subtle generalization of a Chern-Simons coupling

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, are superconducting detector arrays that can measure the energy and arrival time of individual optical through near-IR photons without read noise or dark counts.  I will discuss our recent work and results from the first two MKID Integral Field Spectrographs (IFSs) for high contrast imaging, DARKNESS/SDC at the Palomar 200" and MEC/SCExAO on Subaru. I will then look at the future of MKIDs and their potential on 30-m class telescopes like the TMT, and explore a fascinating new application in the detection of light scalar dark matter. 

I show that dark matter abundance can be set by the decoupling of inelastic scatterings instead of annihilations. Coscattering points to dark matter that is exponentially lighter than the weak scale and has a suppressed annihilation rate, avoiding constraints from indirect detection. The late decays of the states into which dark matter upscatters, can lead to observable distortions to the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. 

We study the spectrum of local operators living on a defect in a generic conformal field theory, and their coupling to the local bulk operators.  We establish the existence of universal accumulation points in the spectrum at large s, s being the charge of the operators under rotations in the space transverse to the defect. Our tools include a formula that inverts the bulk to defect OPE and is analytic in s, analogous to the Caron-Huot formula for the four-point function. Some important assumptions are made in deriving this result: we comment on them.