General Relativity & Quantum Cosmology

Harlow and Hayden [arXiv:1301.4504] argued that distilling information out of Hawking radiation is computationally hard despite the fact that the quantum state of the black hole and its radiation is relatively un-complex. I will trace this computational difficulty to a geometric obstruction in the Einstein-Rosen bridge connecting the black hole and its radiation. Inspired by tensor network models, I will present a conjecture that relates the computational hardness of distilling information to geometric features of the wormhole - specifically to the exponential of the difference in generalized entropies between the two non-minimal quantum extremal surfaces that constitute the obstruction. Due to its shape, this obstruction was dubbed "Python's Lunch", in analogy to the reptile's postprandial bulge.

Using a definition of bulk diff-invariant observables, we go into the bulk of 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. By mapping the computation to a Schwarzian path integral, we study exact bulk correlation functions and discuss their physical implications. We describe how the black hole thermal atmosphere gets modified by quantum gravitational corrections. Finally, we will discuss how higher topological effects further modify the spectral density and detector response in the Unruh heat bath. 

We introduce a new technique to study the critical point equations of the eprl model. We show that it correctly reproduces the 4-simplex asymptotics, and how to apply it to an arbitrary vertex. We find that for general vertices, the asymptotics can be linked to a Regge action for polytopes, but contain also more general geometries, called conformal twisted geometries. We present explicit examples including the hypercube, and discuss implications.

To predict the gravitational waves emitted by a black hole binary, one needs to understand the dynamics of the binary in general relativity. No closed form solutions of this problem exist. Instead one must introduce some form of approximation. One such approximation, can be made if one of the components is much heavier than the other, suggesting a perturbative expansion in the mass-ratio. I will review this small mass-ratio (SMR) expansion of the dynamics, and the progress that has been made over the last two decades. In particular, I will discuss some recent results on the convergence of this series, suggesting that at relatively low orders this SMR expansion can be used to model even equal mass binaries.

The full theory of LQG presents enormous challenge to create physical computable models. In this talk we will present the new modern version of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity. We will show that this framework provide an arena to study the full LQG in a certain limit, where the quantum computations are possible. We will analyze all the major step necessary to build this framework, how is connected with the full theory, its mathematical consistency and the physical intuition behind It.

Quantum-reduced loop gravity is a model of loop quantum gravity, whose characteristic feature is the considerable simplicity of its kinematical structure in comparison with that of full loop quantum gravity. The model therefore provides an accessible testing ground for probing the physical implications of loop quantum gravity. In my talk I will give a brief introduction to quantum-reduced loop gravity, and examine the relation between the quantum-reduced model and full loop quantum gravity. In particular, I will focus on clarifying how the operators of the quantum reduced model are related to those of the full theory. I will show that despite their simplicity, the operators of the quantum-reduced model are simply the operators of the full theory acting on states in the Hilbert space of the quantum-reduced model. In order to pass from the full theory operators to the "reduced" operators, one only has to keep in mind that the states of the quantum-reduced model are labeled with large spins, and discard terms which are of lower than leading order in j.

We comment on the recently introduced Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimensions. We argue that it does not make sense to consider this theory to be defined by a set of D->4 solutions of the higher-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We show that a well-defined D->4 limit of Gauss-Bonnet Gravity is obtained generalizing a method employed by Mann and Ross to obtain a limit of the Einstein gravity in D=2 dimensions. This is a scalar-tensor theory of the Horndeski type obtained by dimensional reduction methods. By considering simple spacetimes beyond spherical symmetry (Taub-NUT spaces) we show that the naive limit of the higher-dimensional theory to four dimensions is not well defined and contrast the resultant metrics with the actual solutions of the new theory. Theory and solutions in lower dimensions will also be briefly discussed.

When Alice shares thermofield double with Bob, her time evolution can make the wormhole grow. We identify different kinds of operations Alice can do as being responsible for the growth of different parts of spacetime and see how it fits together with subregion duality. With this, we give a quantum circuit interpretation of evaporating black hole geometry. We make an analogy between the appearance of island for evaporating black hole and the transition from two-sided to one-sided black hole in the familiar example of perturbed thermofield double. If Alice perturbs thermofield double and waits for scrambling time, she will have a one-sided black hole with interior of her own. We argue that by similar mechanism the radiation gets access to the interior (island forms) after Page time. The growth of the island happens as a result of the constant transitions from two-sided to one-sided black holes.

Hosted By: Stanford University  Footage Courtesy: Simons Foundation for Mathematics and Physical Sciences

The covariant (spinfoam) formulation of loop gravity is a tentative physical quantum theory of gravity with well defined transition amplitudes.  I give my current understanding of the state of the art in this research direction, the issues that are open and need to be explored, and the current attempts to use the theory to compute quantum effects in the early universe and in black hole physics.

It is well-known that quantum groups are relevant to describe the quantum regime of 3d gravity. They encode a deformation of the gauge symmetries (Lorentz symmetries) parametrized by the value of the cosmological constant. They appear as some kind of regularization either through the quantization of the Chern-Simons formulation (Fock-Rosly formulation/combinatorial quantization, path integral quantization) or the state sum approach (Turaev-Viro model). Such deformation might be perplexing from a classical picture since the action is defined in terms of plain/undeformed gauge symmetry. I would like to present here a novel way to derive/justify such quantum group deformation, starting from the classical action.

We discuss several numerical and analytical studies of the modified gravity theory Einstein dilaton Gauss-Bonnet (EdGB) gravity. This class of modified gravity theories admit scalarized black hole solutions. The theory may then provide significantly different gravitational wave signatures during binary black hole merger as compared to general relativity, so that gravitational wave observations may provide new stringent constraints on EdGB gravity. The theory is also an important member of the Horndeski theories, which have been used to model theories of the early universe, including inflation and ekpyrosis. We describe our investigations of the self-consistency of EdGB gravity for spherically symmetric solutions that differ significantly from those in GR, including scalarized black hole solutions, and find that for solutions where the Gauss-Bonnet corrections to general relativity are not small, the theory no longer admits hyperbolic evolution. We discuss how an effective field theory interpretation of the equations of motion though should always guarantee (locally) hyperbolic evolution for the theory.