Search Talks

In approaches to quantum gravity, where smooth spacetime is an emergent approximation of a discrete Planckian fundamental structure, any standard effective field theoretical description will miss part of the degrees of freedom and thus break unitarity. Here we show that these expectations can be made precise in loop quantum cosmology. Concretely, even when loop quantum cosmology is unitary at the fundamental level, when microscopic degrees of freedom, irrelevant to low-energy cosmological observers, are suitably ignored, pure states in the effective description evolve into mixed states due to decoherence with the Planckian microscopic structure. When extrapolated to black hole formation and evaporation, this concrete example provides a key physical insight for a natural resolution of Hawking's information paradox.

Cosmological perturbation theory has a long tradition for describing the early phases of the Universe. As the observations of the CMB radiation suggest, it is reasonable, at least as a first approximation, to implement cosmological inhomogeneities as small perturbations around homogeneous and isotropic FRW solutions. In these approaches, backreactions between the inhomogeneities and the background are usually neglected. There is an ongoing debate about how and to which extend these backreactions affect the large scale structure of the Universe. Even at a purely classical level, there is no conclusive answer to this question yet.

In my talk, I am going to present a new systematic formalism for implementing backreactions in cosmological perturbation theory, in which both, the perturbations and the homogeneous degrees of freedom are considered as quantum degrees of freedom. As a more realistic theory of quantum fields on quantum cosmological space times, it can help to close the gap between a full theory of quantum gravity and symmetry-reduced models of quantum cosmology, and to confront these theories with observations. Our results show that quantum backreactions imply non-trivial corrections that are potentially phenomenologically significant.

I will explain how dark energy in cosmology could arise from the

noisy diffusion of energy from the low energy degrees of freedom of matter (described in terms of QFT)

to the fundamental Planckian granularity (expected from quantum gravity). This

perspective leads to a natural model resolving the fine tuning problem associated to the small

value of the cosmological constant. However, recent observations suggest that the dark energy

component in our universe might not be constant and should  instead have grown from the recombination time to the present.

I will present new ideas suggesting a possible explanation within the same framework.