Particle Physics

The pseudo-Dirac Higgsino is one of the last surviving electroweak WIMPs. The LHC will not reach the 1.1 TeV target mass even with full luminosity and prospects for its indirect detection depend on a favorable dark matter density profile at the galactic center. Since it has only off-diagonal couplings at tree-level, its direct detection is possible only when the mass splitting is smaller than the initial center of mass kinetic energy. This direct detection loophole is actually more generic; going by the name 'inelastic dark matter'. In this talk I will talk about my recent efforts to reach mass splittings larger than what has been thought to be possible thus far, by invoking interesting astrophysics, elements from the end of the periodic table, and large volume neutrino detectors. 

I describe a new solution to the Higgs hierarchy problem based on a dynamical vacuum selection mechanism in a landscape which scans the Higgs mass. The Higgs potential only admits a stable minimum when its mass is less than a critical value, cosmologically crunching away patches with a heavier Higgs. This critical value is set by the instability scale where the Higgs quartic turns negative. I consider the phenomenology of two explicit models that address the hierarchy problem in this context.

In this talk I will outline a fundamentally quantum description of bosonic dark matter from which the conventional classical-wave picture emerges when the mass is far below 10 eV. Exploiting fundamental results from quantum optics I will argue that the density matrix for dark matter is explicitly mixed. The formalism provides a continuous description of DM through the wave-particle transition, and using this I show how density fluctuations over various physical scales evolve between the two limits, with a unique behavior for DM emerging near the boundary of the wave and particle descriptions. If time permits, I will briefly describe how these effects would appear in axion haloscopes.

We introduce 'Lattice Cosmology’ as an emergent field encompassing a set of techniques capable of solving the non-linear dynamics of interactive fields in an expanding Universe. As a demonstration of the power of these techniques, we solve two very different problems of early Universe cosmology: i) the non-linear dynamics of axion inflation, and ii) the dynamics and gravitational wave emission of cosmic string loops.

I will introduce how to incorporate loop contributions into positivity bounds in a massless scalar theory with shift symmetry. The allowed region of Wilson coefficients is called the EFT-hedron. With loop contributions, the n=4 null constraint, which plays an important role in determining the allowed region for g3–g4 (the Wilson coefficients of dimension-10 and dimension-12 operators, respectively), is modified. This modification of the null constraint reveals new features of the EFT-hedron. We obtained a much stronger bound for g2 (the Wilson coefficient of dimension-8 operators) without using the full unitarity condition. Furthermore, we found a negative g4, which is not possible under the tree-level bound. It would be interesting to generalize our method to more complicated theory and test our results.

The measurement of the electron magnetic moment (g-2)_e has reached the spectacular precision of sub-parts-per-trillion, and is currently the highest-precision measurement of a property of a fundamental particle. The next iteration of the measurement is expected to improve the precision by almost an order of magnitude, at which point the leading systematic uncertainty will be the “cavity shift”: the modification of the electron energy levels due to the conducting walls of the cavity in which the electron is trapped. This quantity cannot be directly measured at the required precision, and must be calculated. I will review the setup of the (g-2)_e experiment and present a new calculation of the cavity shift using the full machinery of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, which improves upon previous classical calculations with a consistent renormalization scheme while allowing for individual quality factors for each cavity mode.

It is usually assumed that 4D instantons can only arise in non-Abelian theories. One can, however, explicitly construct instantons for QED in the background of a Dirac monopole. This is the low-energy effective field theory for fermions interacting with a 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole. This theory posesses both a topological instanton number and 't Hooft zero modes. I will show how such instantons provide the underlying mechanism for the Callan-Rubakov process: monopole-catalyzed baryon decay with a cross section that saturates the unitarity bound.