Search Talks

In this lecture, I explore the techniques employed in major observational projects such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The focus will be on understanding the basics of the construction of correlation functions and power spectra for photometric surveys, which are critical tools for analysing the distribution of galaxies and measuring cosmic parameters such as dark energy and dark matter.

The sampling of Markov processes constrained to both initial and final states has been explored theoretically in recent years. In our work, we have devised a novel method to sample such processes, thus translating conceptual results into a practical approach which will find applications in a wide range of disciplines. To illustrate the benefits of our method we sampled trajectories in the Mueller-Brown potential, allowing us to generate transition paths which would otherwise be obtained at a high computational cost with standard Kinetic Monte Carlo methods because commitment to a transition path is essentially a rare event. We then applied our method to a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of mouse pancreatic cells to investigate the cell differentiation pathways of endocrine-cell precursors. By sampling Markov bridges for a specific differentiation pathway we obtained a time-resolved dynamics that can reveal features such as cell types which behave as bottlenecks. The ensemble of trajectories also gives information about the fluctuations around the most likely path. For example, we quantified the statistical weights of different branches in the differentiation pathway to alpha cells.

In recent years, large galaxy surveys have played a key role in cosmology, drawing together the effort of hundreds of researchers towards a common goal: accurate and precise measurements of the components of the Universe. In this colloquium, I present some details on how these experiments are built and the rich science behind them.  I show the recent cosmological results achieved by the Dark Energy Survey, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, and the combination of these experiments with other probes. Finally, I will discuss the new challenges and expected advances by the next generation of surveys