Search Talks

We consider half BPS operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang Mills (SYM) in p+1 dimensions. These operators satisfy trace relations that are identical to those discussed in the p=3 case (N = 4 SYM). Nevertheless, the bulk explanation of these trace relations must differ from the p = 3 case as their holographic duals are not AdS spacetimes. We identify giant graviton solutions in the dual holographic backgrounds for -1 <= p <= 4. In the ’t Hooft limit, these giants are D(6-p) branes that wrap the internal sphere. We also follow the giants into the strong coupling region where they become other branes. Despite propagating in a non-AdS geometry, we find that the branes “feel” like they are in AdS. This is closely related to the emergent scaling symmetry present in these boundary theories.(based on https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14249)

Measurements of the flavor structure of the Standard Model can be precise probes of physics beyond it. In this talk, we describe two implications of various flavor physics measurements. First, we discuss the use of Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) models for explaining the Standard Model flavor hierarchy. We define wrinkles, extra suppression or enhancement factors which modify the expected scaling of coupling sizes from FN models. We show how wrinkles can change the expected size of couplings to new physics in FN models, and how they naturally appear in various models, as well as discuss the example of the recent B->K\nu\nu measurement. In the second half of this talk, we use a SMEFT approach to illustrate the complementarity between future muon colliders and precision experiments for probing lepton flavor violation.

Building on recent advancements in understanding particle transport in magnetized media, we present a first-principles scaling law for the formation of non-thermal tails in particle spectra within mildly and strongly magnetized turbulent plasmas. This scaling is validated using results from kinetic Particle-In-Cell simulations, which show excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. Finally, we discuss the astrophysical implications of these findings, particularly for the proton spectra in the coronae of supermassive black holes.

It has been proposed recently that the breaking of MHD waves in the inner magnetosphere of strongly magnetized neutron stars can power different types of high-energy transients. We have studied the steepening and dissipation of a strongly magnetized fast magnetosonic wave propagating in a declining background magnetic field, by means of particle-in-cell simulations that encompass MHD scales. Our analysis confirms the formation of a monster shock as $B^2-E^2$ approaches zero, that dissipates about half of the fast magnetosonic wave energy, and reveals, for the first time, the generation of a high-frequency precursor wave at the monster shock, carrying a fraction of 0.001 of the total energy dissipated at the shock. The spectrum of the precursor wave exhibits several sharp harmonic peaks, with frequencies in the GHz band under conditions anticipated in magnetars. Such signals may appear as fast radio bursts.

Neutron star magnetospheres are a source of abundant X-ray activity. They have transients observed in different bands, like the fast radio burst (FRB) and associated hard X-ray flare from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. We present global models for magnetar X-ray emission, including a landmark first-principle radiative particle-in-cell simulation of the twisted magnetar magnetosphere with the GPU-PIC code Entity. In one scenario, plasma particles accelerated by surface-motion-induced discharges interact resonantly with thermal background photons. Our GPU-accelerated particle-in-cell simulations track up-scattered high-energy photons that drive secondary pair production and ignite a magnetospheric circuit that persistently generates X-rays. We divulge the plasma properties of such a magnetospheric circuit, including densities and velocities, and give an outlook on alternative ignition scenarios for persistent magnetar X-ray emission.