Mathematical and computational models are powerful tools to investigate patterns and delve into the processes behind them, making sense of the complexity of natural systems, from individuals to communities. In this talk, I will present the two main lines that guide my research: interaction networks and evolutionary models. In the first part, I will discuss how interactions across different levels of organization are shaped in nature and discuss the theoretical processes that may have resulted in observed interaction patterns. In the second part, I will address how genetic structure is important for the evolution of strategies and how the evolutionary process leaves signals in phylogenetic trees.