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Holographic duality is a duality between gravitational systems and non-gravitational systems. In this talk, I will propose a different approach for understanding holographic duality named as the exact holographic mapping. The key idea of this approach can be summarized by two points: 1) The bulk theory and boundary theory are related by a unitary mapping in the Hilbert space. 2) Space-time geometry is determined by the structure of correlations and quantum entanglement in a quantum state. When applied to lattice systems, the holographic mapping is defined by a unitary tensor network. For free fermion boundary theories, I will discuss how different bulk geometries are obtained as dual theories of different boundary states. A particularly interesting case is the AdS black hole geometry and the interpretation of the interior of a black hole. We will also discuss dual geometries of topological states of matter.

The entanglement spectrum, i.e. the logarithm of the eigenvalues of reduced density matrices of
quantum many body wave functions, has been the focus of a rapidly expanding research endeavor recently.
Initially introduced by Li & Haldane in the context of the fractional quantum Hall effect, its usefulness has been
shown to extend to many more fields, such as topological insulators, fractional Chern insulators, spin liquids,
continuous symmetry breaking states, etc.
After a general introduction to the field we review some of our own contributions to the field, in particular the
perturbative structure of the entanglement spectrum in gapped phases, the entanglement spectrum across the
Mott-insulator transition in the Bose-Hubbard model, and the relation of the entanglement spectrum of
(1+1) dimensional quantum critical systems to the operator content of their underlying CFT.