Localized covariant quantities appear to underlie quantum systems

Abstract

Any quantum system can be closely approximated by a quantum circuit with spatially-localized qubits. We analyze such quantum circuits and present evidence that the local weak values comprise a covariant tensor associated with each individual qubit. Even if the state is massively entangled, these tensors do not evolve or collapse when other qubits pass through distant circuit elements. Furthermore, the local tensors always obey covariant dynamical rules. Weak values are subject to both past and future constraints, so these tensors can only be determined by considering the entire circuit "all-at-once" (as in action principles), a known strategy for resolving Bell’s Theorem. These results lend support to the claim that any quantum system can be assigned a realistic, lower-level description fully compatible with classical spacetime.